You can use the following terms to search HOLLIS for primary sources:. Pompey, the son of Pompey Strabo, raised a legion from his clients in Picenum and also joined Sulla; Sulla treated him with great respect and addressed him as imperator before dispatching him to raise more troops. He was saved through the efforts of his relatives, many of whom were Sulla's supporters, but Sulla noted in his memoirs that he regretted sparing Caesar's life, because of the young man's notorious ambition. Primary sources are original . Marius was elected consul and, through assignment by tribunician legislation, took over the campaign. [86] He then left Italy with his troops without delay, ignoring legal summons and taking over command from a legate in Macedonia. [34] The publicity attracted by this feat boosted Sulla's political career. Websites. Biographies of historical and famous people. Internet History Sourcebooks: Modern History - Fordham University [70][71] They were designed to regulate Rome's finances, which were in a very sorry state after all the years of continual warfare. The Pros and Cons of Teaching with Primary Sources - ProQuest [53] Sulla was regarded to have done well in the east: he had restored Ariobarzanes to the throne, been hailed imperator by his men, and was the first Roman to treat successfully with the Parthians. He married again, with a woman called Aelia, of which nothing is known other than her name. Sulla then served as legate under his former commander and, in that stead, successfully subdued a Gallic tribe which revolted in the aftermath of a previous Roman defeat. In this first video of a 2-part tutorial, we will discuss primary sources. [84] Cinna, even before the election, said he would prosecute Sulla at the conclusion of the latter's consular term. When Scipio refused, Sulla let him go. You can limit HOLLIS searches to your time period, but sources may be published later, such as a person's diary published posthumously. [100], In the summer of 86BC, two major battles were fought in Boeotia. Lucius Cornelius Sulla | YourDictionary Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (/ s l /; 138-78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman.He won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history and became the first man of the Republic to seize power through force.. Sulla had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship.A gifted and innovative general, he achieved . [101], Sulla decamped his army from Attica toward central Greece. Examples include journal articles, reviews . Capturing the city, Sulla had it destroyed. He had one child from this union, before his first wife's death. A list of useful online sources for reading about Rome at the time of Sulla Bill Thayer's LacusCurtius - Includes maps of the Roman world, texts of several primary sources, and William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. . The young Gaius Julius Caesar, as Cinna's son-in-law, became one of Sulla's targets, and fled the city. [94] While Rome was preparing to move against Pontus, Mithridates arranged the massacre of some eighty thousand Roman and Italian expatriates and their families, confiscating any available properties. [42], Victorious, Marius and Catulus were both granted triumphs as the commanding generals. to the Birth of the Roman Empire (1969). [56] When the pro-Italian plebeian tribune Marcus Livius Drusus was assassinated in 91BC while trying again to pass a bill extending Roman citizenship, the Italians revolted. [131] The purge went on for several months. But it was from 59, Nero's fifth year as emperor that things started to go seriously . [32] After the Senate approved negotiations with Bocchus, it delegated the talks to Marius, who appointed Sulla as envoy plenipotentiary. senators and equites) executed, although as many as 9,000 people were estimated to have been killed. Ancient Historians of Roman History - ThoughtCo Primary sources enable students to explore the documentary evidence of a nation's history - the roots of its government, value systems and role on the world stage. Family members of the proscribed were not excluded from punishment, and slaves were not excluded from rewards. The Black Death: The Plague, 1331-1770 - University of Iowa Even though the prosecutor declined to show up on the day of the trial, leading to Sulla's victory by default, Sulla's ambitions were frustrated. Sulla's military coup was enabled by Marius's military reforms, that bound the army's loyalty with the general rather than to the Roman Republic, and permanently destabilized the Roman power structure. They are often based on primary sources. 134/4 C.Marius spends his early life in the countryside near Arpinum. Updated on June 22, 2022 Students. [17] After his father's death, around the time Sulla reached adulthood, Sulla found himself impoverished. He never allowed his debaucheries to interfere with his duties but he devoted all his leisure time to them. While Sulla's laws such as those concerning qualification for admittance to the Senate, reform of the legal system and regulations of governorships remained on Rome's statutes long into the principate, much of his legislation was repealed less than a decade after his death. Provides tips on how to read and use primary sources in historical research. Newspapers. The Acropolis was then besieged. Sulla's career is recounted in detail in Howard Hayes Scullard, From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome from 133 B.C. 107/14 The dissolute lifestyle of L.Sulla, as a young man. Sulla (P. Cornelius Sulla) - Roman praetor, 212 B.C. Wikipedia entry + Cornelius , Epaphroditus , Sylla 138/31 The birth of L.Sulla. [96] Rome unsuccessfully defended Delos from an joint invasion by Athens and Pontus. Primary vs. Secondary - Primary Sources: A Research Guide - Research The breakdown allowed Sulla to play the aggrieved party and place blame on his enemies for any further bloodshed. While besieging Pompeii, an Italian relief force came under Lucius Cluentius, which Sulla defeated and forced into flight towards Nola. However, in some cases, paintings are considered secondary sources. to A.D. 68 (1959; 2d ed. [128], After the battle at the Colline Gate, Sulla summoned the Senate to the temple of Bellona at the Campus Martius. Sarah Cooper teaches 8th grade U.S. history and is assistant head for academic life at Flintridge Preparatory School in La Canada, Calif. Sarah is the . As a result, "husbands were butchered in the arms of their wives, sons in the arms of their mothers. The next year, 96BC, he assigned "probably pro consule as was customary" to Cilicia in Asia Minor. This mixture was later referred to by Machiavelli in his description of the ideal characteristics of a ruler. Types of Sources and Where to Find Them: Primary Sources This, of course, made him very popular with the poorer citizens. Five reasons why primary sources should be used for teaching [22] His first wife was called either Ilia or Julia. Research Process and Acumen: Experience with primary sources can support future academic success. His rival, Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, described Sulla as having the cunning of a fox and the courage of a lion but that it was his cunning that was by far the most dangerous. "[133][134], At the end of 82 BC or the beginning of 81 BC,[135] the Senate appointed Sulla dictator legibus faciendis et reipublicae constituendae causa ("dictator for the making of laws and for the settling of the constitution"). When he was still a proconsul in 82, he planned and executed the proscriptions against his enemies for revenge, especially from the Marian camp, and against rich Romans because he needed money to pay his veterans . [127] In the north at the same time, Norbanus was defeated and fled for Rhodes, where he eventually committed suicide. sulla primary sources Sulla played an important role in the long political struggle between the optimates and populares factions at Rome. They are the most direct evidence of a time or event because they were created by people or things that were there at the time or event. [122] Marius, buttressed by Samnite support, fought a long and hard battle with Sulla at Sacriportus that resulted in defeat when five of his cohorts defected. After one of the other legates was killed by his men, Sulla refused to discipline them except by issuing a proclamation imploring them to show more courage against the enemy. They had, however, fallen on hard times. Athens itself was spared total destruction "in recognition of [its] glorious past" but the city was sacked. Sulla had his enemies declared hostes, probably from outside the pomerium, and after assembling an assembly where he apologised for the ongoing war, left to fight Carbo in Etruria. Sulla marched to Praeneste and forced its siege to a close, with the younger Marius dead from suicide before its surrender. Cinna violently quarrelled with his co-consul, Gnaeus Octavius. Primary Sources - Research Guides at Library of Congress [53], Relations between Rome and its allies (the socii), had deteriorated over the years up to 91BC. [60], The next year, 89BC, Sulla served as legate under the consul Lucius Porcius Cato. Gaius Marius, a lieutenant of Metellus, returned to Rome to stand for the consulship in 107BC. The first of the leges Corneliae concerned the interest rates, and stipulated that all debtors were to pay simple interest only, rather than the common compound interest that so easily bankrupted the debtors. Secondary sources are a step removed from primary sources. It is intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern European history and American history, as well as in modern Western Civilization and World Cultures. This led him to a secret deal with Marius, who had for years been coveting another military command, in which Marius would support Sulpicius' Italian legislation in exchange for a law transferring Sulla's command to Marius. The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is one of series of history primary sourcebooks. Examples of tertiary sources include encyclopedias and dictionaries, chronologies, almanacs, directories, indexes, and bibliographies. Sulla can be seen as setting the precedent for Julius Caesar's dictatorship, and for the eventual end of the Republic under Augustus. [81.4] It note also contains an account of Thracian . His colleague was, 79 BC: Retires from political life, refusing the, 78 BC: Dies, perhaps of an intestinal ulcer, with funeral held in Rome, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 11:05. (5) Horace, Epode (c. 35 BC) Ozzy Osbourne Grandchildren, Dalton Smith Pogo Stick, Best Basketball Camps In Ontario, Rinnai R53i Parts Diagram, Mennonite Vs Amish Vs Mormon, J. With Mithridates' armies in Europe almost entirely destroyed, Archelaus and Sulla negotiated a set of relatively cordial peace terms which were then forwarded to Mithridates. This prophecy was to have a powerful hold on Sulla throughout his lifetime. A Timeline of the Wars of Marius and Sulla | History Hit Social War | Roman history | Britannica However, this material may be located in a number of places including in the library, elsewhere on campus, or even online. Tip: If you are unsure if a source you have found is primary, talk to your instructor, librarian, or archivist. Beyond personal enmity, Caesar Strabo may also have stood for office because it was evident that Rome's relations with the Pontic king, Mithridates VI Eupator, were deteriorating and that the consuls of 88 would be assigned an extremely lucrative and glorious command against Pontus.
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sulla primary sources