The facts that Maria was with child and that the child was her firstborn have been left out. Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. At the same time more contemporary words and expressions have replaced older ones (several resembling the changes which were later to be made in the authorised version from 1992), everyday words have replaced more formal language and the syntax has become more straightforward resembling spoken language. An assistant who is asked to rewrite a report, make it more complex, insert expert terms, etc. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. The length is almost the same, namely 88 words. Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. Accessibility Statement. The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002 (the five verses analysed are exactly the same in both editions) resembles the authorised version from 1948 (and the one from 1992) in both length and content. The analyses on which this article is based were carried out on a limited number of texts and the characteristics found cannot necessarily be generalised to all kinds of intralingual translation. In practice, we see many kinds of intralingual translation; numerous varieties of expert-to-layman communication, easy-readers for children, subtitling for the deaf, summaries, some kinds of news reporting, new translations of classics, etc. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page The target group for this text is families, especially young people and children. Learn new skills with a flexible online course, Upskill with a series of specialist courses, Earn professional or academic accreditation, Study flexibly online as you build to a degree. The similarities cannot be denied, they overlap and criss-cross the family resemblance is definitely there. As argued above, these activities share family resemblances with translation proper, but is it possible to get closer to a more detailed account of their general characteristics? We encounter it everyday, when we speak to our children and explain simple words (e.g. Alternatively, it may take the form of considerable addition to the text with the aim of explaining or making explicit difficult or implicit information. Seidelin, Anna Sophie (1973): Hjemmenes Billedbibel (A family picture Bible from 1973). The authorised versions in Danish which have been produced through the times are translated from Greek (New Testament) and Hebrew (Old Testament), but the translators quite naturally consult translations into e.g. This is how the text starts, but the information about Joseph and Maria being engaged is traditionally not given until later in the text. A translator can take, in this case, the advantage of previous intralingual translations as a remedy for his interpretation of classic Chinese texts. The first scholarly gathering of its kind, it gained the attention of translation scholars across nations. En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. You can read FutureLearn's Cookie policy here. are all part of modern life, of reality. On the face of it, the main difference between the two kinds of translation is the involvement in interlingual translation of two different national languages. An example could be a student who is asked to rewrite an essay and make it more formal, more academic. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation within a limited area, but to attempt a general characterisation of the phenomenon through the microstrategies used in creating the new versions. My alternative definition is open and inherently non-finite and is an attempt to define the discipline of translation studies as an open field which relies on an open, inherently non-finite, yet describable concept and not on necessary or sufficient conditions or audience assumptions. Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. The aim is to get the target group to accept the text as of contemporary relevance and to reduce the time spent reading and understanding the text. Archive 2007-07-01. And in which ways do they differ from or resemble translation proper? Register for a FutureLearn account to get personalised course recommendations and offers straight to your inbox. They were soon to be married. (*save) The first example above reflects the L1 lexical interference, which is normally found when Thai students use the word "play" for all contexts. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. Halliday and the context of situation: Halliday sees language as a social semiotic, that is a vital part of social life and enables people to exchange meaning and function in the society. (A picture Bible for very small children.) And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:). In his Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth (1997: 82) writes that interlingual translation is the only kind of translation which corresponds to what is normally understood by the word translation. A legendary story in dialects has finally been developed into the legendary world of intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic translations. Early in this small childrens version we are also told that Joseph and Maria tried to find somewhere to stay, but that there was not room in any of the houses (Josef og Maria forsgte at finde et sted, hvor de kunne vaere, men der var ikke plads i et eneste af husene), though the 1948 version does not give this information until the last sentence where we are told that Maria laid her son in a manger because there was no room for them in the inn.. oral to written language (subtitles) or vice versa (audio description) intralingual translation between different registers (e.g. Routledge, 1995), "Here, then, is the full process of translation. Bibelen (1948): (The 1948 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) The reader is the least tortured of this trio, but the reader too may very well feel that he is missing something in the book, that through sheer ineptitude he is failing to be a proper vessel for the books overarching vision." To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. IntroductionAccording to Peter Newmark, translation is "rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text" (Peter Newmark, 1988: 4). (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. Interlingual machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation. It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description. It also seems that the strategy of simplification is driven by one of the four parameters knowledge (e.g., layman words and expressions and simple active syntax substituted for expert terms and complex syntax, whereas syntactical changes in interlingual translation are often called for on the basis of structural differences between two languages), time (e.g., contemporary words and expressions and syntax substituted for obsolete words, expressions and syntax), culture (e.g., American words, expressions and syntax substituted for British words, expressions and syntax) or space (e.g., superfluous text omitted or explanatory text added) and that it takes many forms. Words are untranslateable because [they] do not exist in a flat, alphabetised dictionary style list, but rather in a richly structured taxonomy of meaning. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. Steiner was particularly interested in intralingual translation which was diachronically motivated: The schematic model of translation is one in which a message from a source-language passes into a receptor-language via a transformational process. Jakobson builds on Pierces theory of signs and meaning and postulates that the meaning of any linguistic sign is its translation into some further, alternative sign (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114). As we have seen, it may take the form of considerable reduction of the text by leaving out what is deemed to be superfluous information in order to make the processing of the text easier. In this article, Dr C. Marinetti discusses translation within the same language and between sign systems, and the creative function of translation. Translation studies is engaged in the academic study of translation and it is therefore common that works on translation devote chapters or paragraphs to a definition of translation as a concept. Scholars have listed a range of situations in which intralingual translation facilitates communication, for example, reformulating a legal document in plain language for a lay readership, new. Bibelen (1992): (The 1992 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Editor-in-Chief Guangxi University and Tsinghua University, China, Comparative Textology and English Translation of Chinese Classics, Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. Some time later we have a translator struggling to approximate the vision, not to mention the particulars of language and voice, of the text that lies before him. Newmarks definition (1999) is very narrow indeed; it includes only translation proper and strongly relies on the much criticised concept of equivalence (Snell-Hornby 1988; Zethsen 2004). Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. These are all belonging to different British dialects, most are archaic and no longer in use, but they all display different shades of meaning that make them unique: Besides making for interesting conversation starters (perhaps not over dinner though! The content has remained constant both denotatively and connotatively. Arguing against the classical theory of categorisation, which involves shared properties as conditions for category membership, strictly objective conditions for category membership and clear boundaries between categories, i.e., no borderline cases (in logic the specification of necessary and/or sufficient conditions is used to determine category membership, to provide precise definitions), Wittgenstein introduced the very pragmatic and empirically-based (that is, not on formal logic) open concept of family resemblances (also called the cluster concept) and argued that this is what unites the category of game, for instance (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67). Translation (whether interlingual, intralingual or intersemiotic) is seen as part of the semiotic concept of transfer and special focus is on transfer from one culture to another. The Economist, Nov. 23, 2010). intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. On the basis of the case study and assisted by introspection and the more or less stray sentences of the literature referred to above, the main factors that seem to be influential in intralingual translation (and at the same time, the very reasons for the existence of intralingual translation) have been examined. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. examples. This is evident, for instance, when looking at the everyday Danish version and the childrens versions and is presumably the driving force in the majority of intralingual translations. Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. Similarities as well as differences between rewording and translation proper are discussed, the conclusion being that the differences between intralingual and interlingual translation seem to be more a question of degree than of kind. An alternative definition starting from Tourys three postulates was suggested, but inspired by Tymoczko[3] (1998, 2005) relying on Wittgensteins theory of family resemblances (1953/1958) and Roschs protypology (1973). [] and Joseph made a bed for the child in the manger. The entire text is one long paraphrase, not a single phrase is identical to the 1948 version. It cannot be entirely ruled out that intralingual translation in some instances may go from simple to more complex. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor of one's own style and creatively adjust this to one's author." It is interesting to see how many of the microstrategies applied in the intralingual Bible translations resemble those commonly used when carrying out interlingual translation. To this end, the goal was to find a text which exists in many (available) versions and the Bible was an obvious choice it allows the study of a whole range of intralingual translations originating from the same basic content. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations where This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. It occurs when some ideas expressed verbally are translated into images and/or movement. To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. But here the barrier or distance between source and receptor is time. As already pointed out, all strategies found in the intralingual versions are well-known within interlingual translation, but not necessarily with the aim of simplification and not to the extent seen in intralingual translation. At the same time, it should be added that though no one can deny that the resemblances are there it is also necessary to focus on the differences, or possible differences, between the two kinds of translation. . Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. FG (functional grammar) looks at how language works, of great importance is the . If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. Man kan ikke blindt oversaette kildesprog til modtagersprog uden at forstyrre den oprindelige mening. All but strictly necessary cookies are currently disabled for this browser. If we accept that translation can only be accounted for in a meaningful way if we treat it as a cluster concept, it does not make sense to attempt a too finite description. Teachers can make use of the simplified or paraphrased version for teaching in class, a kind of practice which would otherwise be done in a senior stage. Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde. It can be seen that instead of the word "play", English has specific words . We use cookies to improve your website experience. For the sake of comparison, a general description of intralingual translation and its characteristics on the basis of five different Danish versions of a section of the Bible and an analysis of the microstrategies employed in each version are proposed. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which . interlingual and intersemiotic. Two features differ significantly from all the other intralingual translations, including the other Bible for children, namely firstly the fact that the structure of the text has been changed radically and does not follow the traditional structure (restructuring of the order of information is also seen in the family Bible from 1973, but in this version for very small children the restructuring is much more radical) and secondly that quite a number of content omissions have been made. Examples. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. Intralingual translation shares with translation proper the idea of changing form but maintaining meaning and the need to adjust to different audiences and expectations. See also Shavit (1986) on the translation/transfer of childrens literature. (K. David Harrison, linguist at Swarthmore College, in "Seven Questions for K. David Harrison." Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. Viborg: Det Danske Bibelselskab. Tofa equips reindeer herders with words like 'chary' with the above meaning. Definition of intralingual in the Definitions.net dictionary. Korning Vienna:Lademann. technical writing, or desktop publishing? and whether this means that we would have to redefine the very notion of translation. Mllehave, Johannes (1991): Alle brns Bibel. Karen The examples analysed below also demonstrate that new methods for investigating intersemiotic translation are required: in this case, purpose-built software applications for text, image and video analysis are demonstrated to handle the complexity and multi-level nature of multimodal semiosis. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. Close attention has been paid to the authorised version, no major additions or paraphrasing have taken place, though some explicitation has been made (objective additions). Zethsen (2007) argues that interlingual translation has been the object of many research studies attempting to define, exemplify and systematize this type of translation, whereas intralingual translation has not drawn the same amount of academic attention. lingual translation. To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). However, it is not a mere linguistic transfer. It should be emphasized that it is an attempt, at a more detailed general description as there is not much theory or any empirical studies to lean on. It differs from general transliteration in various aspects. What is Intersemiotic translation? It was very uncomfortable for them to travel as Maria was soon to give birth; but of course those in power do not ask about such things. EndNote, Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero, ENW Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? . Nordquist, Richard. Vi erkender derfor vort ansvar i den redaktionelle bearbejdning af grundteksten Oversaettelsen er sledes en fri oversaettelse, ikke en ord-for-ord oversaettelse, ej heller en parafrase..
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