the furthest back is the historical reconstruction by Atkinson (2011 [1994]), who described the 1 Northern Uganda or Acholiland is formally known as the Acholi sub-region, an area inhab-ited primarily by speakers of the Acholi language, whom I refer to as the Acholi. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. The available evidence suggests that conflict in Acholi before the end The Holy Spirit Movement and Its Fight against Evil in the North." (1936). Acholi - Minority Rights Group The account of the Acholi reaching Traditional beliefs, however, still persist, often meshed with Christian doctrine in complex ways. The cookie is used by cdn services like CloudFare to identify individual clients behind a shared IP address and apply security settings on a per-client basis. Girling, F. K. (1960). In 2009, Acholi was one of the six Ugandan languages identified as having more than one Figure 5. [CDATA[ Dholuo, which is spoken in in the West of Kenya. The Acholi occupy a 39,000-square-kilometer area, three-fourths of which lies within Uganda, extending roughly from 215 to 4159 N and 3325 to 3345 E. Their neighbors include the Luo-speaking Lango, Paluo, and Alur to the south and southwest, the Central Sudanic-speaking Madi to the west, and the Eastern Nilotic Jie and Karamojong to the east. The Acholi of Uganda: Adjustment to Imperialism. more. (p. 34). London: Oxford University Press. Ironworking, mainly but not entirely confined to certain lineages, appears to be almost as ancient as agriculture, going back perhaps to the first millennium b.c. The cult-like militia has abducted an estimated 25,000 children over the years, forcing them to commit heinous atrocities against civilians. During the later nineteenth century, the emergent Acholi became involved in the international trade in ivory and slaves, which were exchanged mainly for cattle, beads, blankets, cotton cloth, and firearms. came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the Many of the Acholi soldiers who joined the Kings African Rifles (KAR), the British colonial army, were deployed to the frontlines in southeast Asia especially in Singapore and Burma during the World War II where they held British positions against an intense Japanese offensive. Despite the years of leadership by men from the North, that region continued to be marginalized economically after independence, and has suffered higher rates of poverty than other areas of the country. ACHOLI PEOPLE: THE FAMOUS EAST AFRICAN SPIRITUALLY AND - Blogger The majority of elected members of parliament in the Acholi sub-region are members of the opposition.[14]. Okot p'Bitek (1963). From the Village to Entebbe: The Acholi of Northern Uganda and . groups, the Ugandan army, and Karamojong raiders (who have been active political organisation of the acholipadma shri award 2012 list. They have also "played a vital role in Acholi traditional reconciliation processes and in preparing the community to receive former combatants. solidification of an Acholi identity, with their common language becoming an important marker. political organisation of the acholi Traditionally, lineage heads and elders were the most knowledgeable aboutand involved withthe lineage and chiefdom jogi, although rwodi also had a role to play in ceremonies involving the latter. Each type of spirit had numerous ceremonies associated with it; many ceremonies included small offerings of food and drink. The history and politics of ethnicity and language 37. This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. friendly, but after the inception of the British Protectorate of Uganda in 1894, which included The available evidence suggests that conflict in Acholi before the end of the nineteenth century, both among Acholi chiefdoms and with neighboring peoples, was neither rare nor endemic. 2 I Abstract The aim of this thesis will be to decipher why Acholi ethnic identity remained such a critical political tool in late and post-colonial Uganda, from 1950-1985, just b Death and Afterlife. Kuturia Housein fired the first gun shot on Acholiland who had never seen and The Acholi sub-region is a part of the administrative region of Northern-Uganda. With colonial rule came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the authority of a district commissioner. Kitgum, Pader and Gulu, the three districts of the Acholi sub-region, each established peace forums for continuing discussions. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. against the central government. Museveni has held absolute power since, surviving unrest, civil war, and numerous attempts at coups. Since independence, a relatively few Acholi army officers have managed to accumulate substantial fortunes, as have a few traders. Luo peoples - Wikipedia million first language speakers at the time. Mass meetings were organized separately by Luo people in Kavirondo and the Kikuyu people in Nairobi. Acholi: Talking Politics in Northern Uganda - Unizin them Shuuli, based on their language being similar to Shilluk from South Sudan. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Acholi men say, Property cant own property, and the notion of women having independent land rights is an anomaly to them. heard of gun sound, they were used to only lightning thunder sound. It was also during this period that the name Acholi was coined by the Arab traders, calling social control in the area. 61). They were approached in regard to such general concerns as good health, fertility, and appeals or thanks for good harvests in ceremonies that usually emphasized the consciousness, cohesiveness, and continuation of their respective groups as functioning corporate entities. InThe Roots of Ethnicity, Ronald R. Atkinson argues that although colonial rule and its aftermath have played a major role in shaping the particular manifestati. Kinship Terminology. The Acholi region and language 51 - The history and politics of The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". last large-scale conflict in Acholi until Amin came to power in 1971. These guns brought A.D. Of their history during this time only little is known. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. census of 2014, those seven districts were combined inhabited by just under 1.4 million people The activities of the LRA have been devastating within Acholiland (though they spread also to neighbouring districts and countries). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In the past, medical problems were addressed through approaches to various spirits, by visits to diviners, and by the use of herbs, roots, and other folk medicines. More commonly, almost any salaried job in the public or private sector represents an income that averages several times that of a member of the majority peasant population. families living together in hamlets. Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo and Pader. Common synonyms for this type of organization are "interest groups," "pressure groups," and . Customary leadership of the Acholi was severely affected by the long conflict in Northern Uganda, when many Acholi people lived in IDP camps for as long as 20 years. Due to its central location and the close Industrial Arts. reported that the Acholi chiefs generally accepted the position of Baker, as he had helped them This paper is a case study analysis of the sociological phenomena of forgiveness occurring in an ongoing two-decade war in northern Uganda. This structure was maintained by the real anointed chiefs of the Acholi, the rwodi moo. administration within the region and the district headquarters were erected in the area of the Political organizations are those engaged in political activities (e.g., lobbying, community organizing, campaign advertising, etc.) contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and An individual had personal claim to land that he and his wife (or wives) had under cultivation or that had been cultivated but was lying fallow, and such rights passed from father to son. In precolonial Acholi, lineage heads and elders were most responsible for social control, though one of the attractions that assisted the development of chiefdoms seems to have been the ability of rwodi to help settle disputes that involved more than one lineage. Though some sense of a community and identity has persisted among residents, the area is characterized by substandard housing, poor environmental health and limited livelihood opportunities. "Acholi-Arab Nubian Relations in the Nineteenth Century." The full integration of the Acholi into the British colonial complex happened comparatively late. The Acholi's harrowing ordeal began under Idi Amin's dictatorship in the seventies. L. No. This cookie is used to enable payment on the website without storing any payment information on a server. In such a context, the land rights of those with the least power widows, the disabled, the elderly were very insecure. At its peak in 2005 over Most political organizations take the form of a voluntary association of persons or organizations that pools its members' and constituents' financial and other resources, and engages in conventional political actions to affect policy-making outcomes. "State Formation in Acholi: The Emergence of Obbo, Pajok, and Panyikwara States c. B. Webster, eds. But a chief's territory seldom corresponded to any pre-colonial entity, while his wide-ranging executive and judicial powers were a complete novelty. The chiefs traditionally came from one clan, and each chiefdom had several villages made up of different patrilineal clans. The republican constitution adopted in 1967 abolished the monarchies and assigned ultimate political power to an elected president. Ethnic group of South Sudan and Northern Uganda, Atkinson, Ronald R. "The Evolution of Ethnicity among the Acholi of Uganda: The Precolonial Phase.". Chiefs are chosen from one lineage. many of them children, the conflict led to the displacement of millions. Precolonial trade, both within Acholi and throughout the region, focused mainly on obtaining iron ore and finished iron products in exchange for baskets or products of the farm, herd, or hunt. In war, the men used spears and long, narrow shields of giraffe or ox hide. Religion of the Central Luo. His stated political aims are to rule Uganda according to the Biblical Ten Commandments. The LRA received much of its financial, logistical and military support from the Khartoum government in neighbouring Sudan. Administrative divisions within Acholi, however, both during colonial Abstract The aim of this thesis will be to decipher why Acholi ethnic identity remained such a critical political tool in late and post-colonial Uganda, from 1950-1985, just before the outbreak of civil war in 1986. Orientation These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Bor Lango The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi of Uganda - JSTOR Comprising less than 5 percent of the country's population, during the early years of independence the Acholi constituted more than 15 percent of the police force and fully a third of the army. While rwodi, members of royal lineages, and lineage heads all seem to have been somewhat better off than others before the latter part of the nineteenth century, social stratification appears limited, owing primarily to both limited wealth in the society and redistribution.
political organisation of the acholi