Many of the limitations of the overhead projector are also true of the opaque projector, CDs and DVDs are todays popular video instructional aids. The actual training requirements are based in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and other publications used by designated pilot and maintenance examiners when they conduct practical tests. Many of these items are suitable for long-term use on bulletin boards and in briefing areas. Carefully selected charts, graphs, pictures, or other well-organized visual aids are examples of items that help the student understand, as well as retain, essential information, Ideally, instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points and concepts. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. Remember, the computer has no way of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene when necessary, Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged with the instruction by doing something meaningful which makes the subject of study come alive. The instructor speaks from a mental or written outline, but does not read or memorize the material to be presented. They should be considered as a supplement to instructor-led training, Electronic communications, including use of computer databases, voice mail, e-mail, Internet, World Wide Web, and satellite-based, wireless communications, are routine and this explosion of information access affects aviation training. The most stressful aspect of becoming a flight instructor is usually passing . The nature of the questions should be determined by the lesson objective and desired learning outcomes, Once the discussion is underway, the instructor should listen attentively to the ideas, experiences, and examples contributed by the students during the discussion. Often combined with traditional task and maneuver training within a given scenario, decision-based objectives facilitate a higher level of learning and application. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. CDs and DVDs and the associated equipment, although more expensive than some of the more basic instructional aid equipment, are fairly economical. After the discussion develops, the instructor may ask a follow-up question to guide the discussion. Here, the instructor develops the subject matter in a manner that helps the students achieve the desired learning outcomes. Another important people skill used by effective instructors is to challenge students intellectually while supporting their efforts to learn. Lectures also may be used to introduce a unit of instruction or a complete training program. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. Consider the opening scenario in which Bob arrived early for the class and ensured the classroom was well lit, the desks in order, and that the room presented a neat overall appearance. Terms such as "knowledge of " and "awareness of " cannot be measured very well, and words like this should be avoided. When using CAL, the instructor should remain actively involved with the students by using close supervision, questions, examinations, quizzes, or guided discussions on the subject matter to constantly assess student progress, Simulation (the appearance of real life), role-playing (playing a specific role in the context of a real world situation), and video gaming have taken e-learning in new directions. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. The height of usable objects is limited to the space between the top of the lowered projection plate and the body of the projector, usually about two or three inches. This may include important safety considerations, Select the ideas to be supported with instructional aids. Another use of computers would allow students to review procedures at their own pace while the instructor is involved in hands-on training with other students. That may mean the instructor needs to initiate leading questions, referee if the discussions cause conflict, ensure that all students participate, and at the end summarize what has been learned, Tying the discussion method into the lecture method not only provides active student participation, it also allows students to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). In other words, they must mean the same thing to any knowledgeable reader. Unless the students have some knowledge to exchange with each other, they cannot reach the desired learning outcomes by the discussion method. We've gotten all sophisticated over the years and refer to that sort of thing as flight maneuvering tasks. Frequently, good organization and natural patterns of logic dictate the sequence. Thus, the instructor provides assistance, reinforcement, and answers for those who need it most, In this situation, the CAL should still be considered as an add-on instructional aid to improve traditional classroom instruction. For example, it would be possible for a technicians eyes to easily move back and forth from computer-generated technical data to the actual hardware while diagnosing and correcting a maintenance problem, Trends in training indicate a shift from the typical classroom to more extensive use of a lab-type environment with computer work or study stations. However, it is the instructors responsibility to plan, organize, develop, and present the major portion of a lesson, There are a number of advantages to lectures. When the instructor points to each part of the model while explaining these relationships, the students can better understand the mechanical principles involved. The pilot continued into the instrument conditions for about 30 minutes before asking Atlanta Approach Control for directions to the nearest airport for landing. The constant use of "What If?" The instructor must provide opportunities for students to practice and, at the same time, make sure that this process is directed toward a learning objective, A successful instructor needs to be familiar with as many teaching methods as possible. Each part is required and must be stated in a way that leaves every reader with the same picture of the objective, how it is performed, and to what level of performance. All lettering and illustrations must be large enough to be seen easily by the students farthest from the aids. Once a determination of objectives and standards has been made, an instructor formulates a plan of action to lead students through the course in a logical manner toward the desired goal. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. In addition, using sentences of different length helps, since consistent use of short sentences results in a choppy style. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. Each student should be encouraged to accept responsibility for contributing to the discussion and benefiting from it. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. A brief introductory lecture can give direction and purpose to a demonstration or prepare students for a discussion by telling them something about the subject matter to be covered, In a lecture, the instructor can present many ideas in a relatively short time. Effective case studies require the student to use critical thinking skills, An excellent source of real-world case studies for flight instructors can be found at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) where descriptions of more than 140,000 aviation accidents are located. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by A curriculum for a pilot school usually includes courses for the various pilot certificates and ratings, while the curriculum for an aviation maintenance technician (AMT) addresses the subject areas described in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 147. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. An effective instructor never stops learning. As an example, a single CD or DVD may contain all pertinent aviation regulations, plus the complete AIM. There are three stages of action. While the instructor should have the answer in mind before asking the question, the students need to think about the question before answering. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. These programs typically allow the students to select a test, complete the questions, and find out how they did on the test. By listing the criteria for the training objectives, the instructor has already established the completion standards normally included as part of the lesson plan, Use of training objectives also provides the student with a better understanding of the big picture, as well as knowledge of what is expected. Additional transparencies can be overlaid onto the original to show development or buildup of an event or display. He also made sure the computer and projector were in working order. Just as the technician uses some tools more than others, the instructor uses some methods more often than others. Remember that during the preparation, the instructor listed some of the anticipated responses that would, if discussed by the students, indicate that they had a firm grasp of the subject. For example, in concluding a discussion on density altitude, an instructor might give a fairly complete description of an accident which occurred due to a pilot attempting to take off in an overloaded airplane from a short runway at a high-altitude airport on a hot day, The summary should be succinct, but not incomplete. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards, For example, in flight training, content validity is reflected by a particular maneuver closely mimicking a maneuver required in actual flight, such as the student pilot being able to recover from a power-off stall. Here are examples of responsibilities from real flight instructor resumes representing typical tasks they are likely to perform in their roles. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. Even airline simulator programs require tailoring and hands-on interaction with a human instructor. It is important for the instructor to understand in advance which outcomes are positive and/or negative and give the student freedom to make both good and poor decisions without jeopardizing safety. An interim summary reinforces learning in relation to a specific learning outcome. As noted earlier, a PTS already has many of the elements needed to formulate performance-based objectives. Such material should be well organized and based on fundamentals, Organize the main and subordinate points of the lesson in a logical sequence. At the same time, it must be realized that a formal lecture is still to be preferred on some subjects and occasions, such as lectures introducing new subject matter, The instructor can achieve active student participation in the informal lecture through the use of questions. For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. This change is measurable and therefore can be assessed, Assessment of learning is a complex process and it is important to be clear about the purposes of the assessment. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Conditions and criteria should be refined as necessary. (1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or (3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. Lectures can be used to present information that would be difficult for the students to get in other ways, particularly if the students do not have the time required for research, or if they do not have access to reference material. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. The 250 hours of flying required to take the exams must take place in an actual cockpit. Predictions are that more and more learning will take place via e-learning, E-learning is now used for training at many different levels. They must also hold a current ATP or commercial certificate and earn a score of more than 70% on an FAA-administered flight instructor demonstrated knowledge test. The instructor should not, however, use substandard English. Revisions and alterations are easier to make at that time than after their completion. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. For example, voicerecognition technology, which lets computers accept spoken rather than keyed input, is highly effective for technical training, Miniature electro-optical devices allow computer-aided information to be projected electronically on sunglass-style eye wear which is connected to a lightweight, belt mounted computer. [Figure 4-3] And, finally, a training course outline within a curriculum is the content of a particular course. Whenever possible, the various parts should be labeled or colored to clarify relationships, Production and equipment costs are limiting factors to consider in developing and using models, mock-ups, and cutaways. An AMT uses ADM and risk management skills not only on the job site but also in the repair and maintenance of aircraft, Performance-based and decision-based objectives are also helpful for an instructor designing a lesson plan. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. First, it will familiarize flight instructors with the FITS program, including its history, objectives, methods, and future goals. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Applicants for the Flight Instructor Rating shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing Transport Canada multiple choice examinations on the subjects contained in this guide. Major advantages of CAL are that students can progress at a rate which is comfortable for them and are often able to access the CAL at their own convenience, Another benefit of CAL is the test prep study guides, useful for preparation for the FAA knowledge tests. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). The guided discussion has three main parts: introduction, discussion, and conclusion. The introduction should include an attention element, a motivation element, and an overview of key points. Fig. For example, the subsystems within a physical unit are relatively easy to relate to each other through the use of schematics or diagrams. Early in a lesson that is to include demonstration and performance, the instructor should identify the most important learning outcomes. Faulty habits are difficult to correct and must be addressed as soon as possible. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. This training method employs instructor-guided discussion with the instructor maintaining control of the discussion. Notes may be written legibly or typed, and they should be placed where they can be consulted easily, or held, if the instructor walks about the room. Poorly organized information is of little or no value to the student because it cannot be readily understood or remembered, An effective conclusion retraces the important elements of the lesson and relates them to the objective. The objectives must be written. Other aids, which are usually more expensive, are projected materials, video, computerbased programs, and models, mock-ups, or cut-aways. In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by; list all ssis packages in ssisdb catalog a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. Sometimes, in the process of writing the objective, a difficulty is encountered. Flight instructors in particular must be aware of this problem since students often do a lot of their practice without an instructor. Colors, when used, should provide clear contrast and easily be visible, The usefulness of aids can be improved by proper sequencing to build on previous learning. Instructional aids can help them do this. In the previous example, the criteria may include that navigation from point A to point B be accomplished within 5 minutes of the preplanned flight time and that en route altitude be maintained within 200 feet. [Figure 4-8], In the teaching lecture, simple rather than complex words should be used whenever possible. By symbolizing the factors involved, it is even possible to visualize abstract relationships, Instructors are frequently asked to teach more and more in a smaller time frame. In aviation, the term "training syllabus" is commonly used and in this context it is a step-by-step, building block progression of learning with provisions for regular review and assessments at prescribed stages of learning. Overlays can also be cut into various shapes and moved about in relation to the base transparency. Effective use of questions may result in more student learning than any other single technique used by instructors. They should provide an accurate visual image and make learning easier for the student, Another use for instructional aids is to clarify the relationships between material objects and concepts. In such cases, it is practical and advisable to give the students a brief general survey of the topic during the introduction. Effective use of drill and practice revolves around knowing what skill is being developed. Well- designed course outlines are especially useful to students because they list the key points and help students organize note taking during a lecture, Aviation instructors must cover a broad range of aeronautical knowledge and skill training for pilots and AMTs. As training becomes more detailed and complex, instructor-oriented materials can be a valuable instructional aid for aviation instructors. Since each teaching situation is unique, the setting and purpose of the lesson determines which teaching method is used, Todays instructor can choose from a wealth of ways to present instructional material: lecture, discussion, guided discussion, problem based, group learning, demonstrationperformance, or e-learning. Using simulation devices, computer networks, and multimedia programs, students become more actively involved and responsible for their own training. Everyone has the opportunity to comment, listen, think, and participate. These steps contribute to a positive learning environment, Another management skill that enhances the effectiveness of aviation instructors is supervision of the students. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 14. Students become more involved in their own learning, and instructors may no longer occupy a center-stage position in a typical classroom setting. Therefore, it is essential that the information be arranged in useful bits or chunks for effective coding, rehearsal, or recording. To achieve desired learning outcomes through the lecture method, an instructor needs considerable skill in speaking, As indicated in chapter 2, a students rate of retention drops off significantly after the first 10-15 minutes of a lecture and improves at the end. In certain instances, the instructor has no opportunity to assign preliminary work and must face the students for the first time. He was wrong. However, writing standards to evaluate a students level of learning or overt behavior in the affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values) is more difficult, The overall objective of an aviation training course is usually well established, and the general standards are included in various rules and related publications.
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a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by