capitalization. 2023 Caniry - All Rights Reserved In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. NOTE: Within certain regions it is not uncommon for many who live there to capitalize the adjective because of the special importance they attach to the regional designation. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '809ac5c4-ef90-4489-8311-03d2c90632ee', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); Topics: Botany Rules 1: Writing Plant Common Names and English Names - Blogger 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. However, some people also suggest capitalizing the names of: The uniting theme here is the idea of naming a well-known or well-defined region. So, option 2 is correct. When to Capitalize Words for Compass Points - Daily Writing Tips Is this correct. Hello! As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. Unless the direction is part of the country's actual name, it remains lowercased. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. When Do You Capitalize Geographic Terms? - dummies Should southern be capitalized? So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. That's when even the most exhaustive style . When to capitalize North East south west? , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. Hi, Kelly. The Chicago Manual of Style. Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. Should Pisces be capitalized? [Fact Checked!] Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. Capitalize the pronoun. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. For example, Southern US is proper because it is a specific region. Do You Capitalize North, South, East and West? Filed Under: Do you like West Asia? As a general thumb rule, if a particular direction (north, south, etc.) For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. Likewise, the rules for sentences apply: capitalize the common name at the . Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). A Little Help with Capitals - Purdue Writing Lab You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Are Seasons Capitalized Or Not? | Thesaurus.com When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. This is known as 'title case'. South-East Albania? In 1963, the state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. - thanks! Example: "War-weary ministers in London asked themselves why they fought a costly war in the [north] when they had friends in the Carolinas and Georgia.". Besides the global continents, there are also atmospheric and hydrospheric regions that encompass the oceans, discrete climates, or environments above the water and landmasses of earth. @EdwinAshworth I didn't notice any argument in his answer at all. Hi there! Capitalize these words when they designate regions. Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". When did states go to 2 letter abbreviations? Hi, Mary. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? North, South, East, West: Are Directions Capitalized? Characteristics. The direction word makes it a proper noun. Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. When possessive pronouns like her, his, my, our, and your are used, do not capitalize them. Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. How do I style geographic terms such as - MLA Style Center Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as " the Southern States ." However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. Is Colorado in the west or the West? If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. . Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. Circling back to the "title" rule, if the headline is in sentence case and the word "region" is not the starting word of the title, "region" should be written in lowercase. I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). Capital Letters with North, East, South, and West - Grammar Monster When in doubt, lowercase. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Posted by That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. Alternatively, some style guide suggest that all of the main words (i.e. Please note that my close-vote reason was 'lack of reasonable signs of research'; I believe that there are differences between the 'northern Europe' example and this one. The Department decided on the current two-letter abbreviations in October 1963. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: Have you ever visited the Western United States? To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). Lorry Vs. Truck: Meaning And How To Use Each One, Turnip Vs. Radish: Meaning And Differences Of These Words. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. So, noun will be always first capital letter. You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. It was put into effect at first for big businesses, but was then gradually adopted by everyone as a standardized format. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? Do You Capitalize Regions When Writing? When & When Not To This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. In headlines, the periods are omitted. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. @Devil07, the geographical adjective "southern" is not usurped -- it just means something different. Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). When does a locational distinction change its suffix and capitialization in a proper name? The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. Capital offenses - The Daily Californian Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. The main style guides all agree on this, although . Otherwise, not. It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. Don't capitalize these words when they refer to the general location, geography or climate of a region. To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. 1. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. Should southern be capitalized? Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Is South Capitalized? - Capitalize My Title Prepositions, such as at, around, by, after, along, for, from, of, on, to, with & without. Before capitalizing words like east, west, north, and south, check whether you are using them as part of a proper noun or merely to refer to direction or location.Don't capitalize directions (we sailed due east) and locations (western India), but do capitalize compass points when they occur in proper nouns (North Korea, South Sudan, East Dunbartonshire, the Great Western Plains). Should California coast be capitalized? - Sage-Advices In some cases, like country and city names, this is clear. To Capitalise or Not To Capitalise: A Useful Guide - Proofed Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Examples: southern France, northern Canada. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. 8 What states in the US are consider southern states? Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they arent usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. Rule 2. The mines are in the plateaus western region. "I" is always capitalized, along with all its . Should states and territories be Capitalised? Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. Capitalize north, south, east, west, and derivative words when they designate definite regions or are an integral part of a proper name. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. We always use a capital letter when we write the days of the week. During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? Related, but not duplicates (in my opinion): As definitive as it gets. The periods are omitted in headlines. As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. Please include the research youve done. "southern California" is not the same as "Southern California". When to Capitalize People's Titles - The Blue Book Of Grammar And You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. Is that an argument? Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. And if so, when? You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. Strength Vs. Strong: Differences, How To Tell Them Apart? Is the s capitalized in southern hospitality? - Answers Is it "southern California" or "Southern California?". Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. Black and white: Why capitalization matters - Columbia Journalism Review If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. Usage guide. Capitalization For WebCT Users in Writing Classes: The "caps" icon (usually immediately before a word) indicates either that the following word ought to be capitalized (for one of the reasons listed here) or, if it is already capitalized, that it shouldn't be. When to Capitalize North, South, East and West - Proofed The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. My friend is a southerner. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". Proper nouns - American Psychological Association Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Hi, Chris. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). Do you know "what is the Western Hemisphere?" in the southwestern part an eastward direction These words usually do get capitalized when they describe a region of the world or of a country, but there are some exceptions. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? They live in the western part of the country. Likewise, capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. When to Capitalize Directional Words - Ellii Blog Rule 1. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. South Pacific. By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. Dates. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the southern winds, southern should be lowercase. Should northern be capitalized - 650.org What about capitalizing a Westerner or a Westerner? Should The South Be Capitalized? - FAQS Clear Geographic Regions and States Editorial Style Guide Purchase College Are you supposed to capitalize north south east and west? Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. It does not store any personal data. Should aurora borealis be capitalized? Explained by Sharing Culture North, South, West, East Capitalizing Can Be a Beast - ProofreadNOW.com The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. Am I a midwesterner or a Midwesterner? By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names - Daily Writing Tips Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. Similar is the case with the following set of words: Here are a couple of sentences for further clarity on the matter: When terms such as "southern district" and "western region" are used as names for specific units within an organization, capitalize them. South-Eastern Albania? If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0
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should southern be capitalized