Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from The Holy City Mecca in Saudi Arabia, 1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B, California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. 5 (54) Arian, posits that Muhammad arrived in Seattle, Washington, from Karachi, Pakistan in 1904 under the names Alam Khan and Khanialam Khan. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. See alsoAfrican-American Religions; Black Muslims; Islam; Malcolm X; Muhammad, Elijah Karriem; Muhammad, Warith Deen; Nation of Islam; Qur'an. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. Fard encouraged his followers not to drink alcohol or eat pork, which is standard practice for Muslims. [4], Fard was arrested again on January 20, 1926, for violation of the California Woolwine Possession Act,[39] and on February 15, 1926, for violation of the State Poison Act, for which he was sentenced to six months to six years at San Quentin State Prison on June 12, 1926. . In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. The Black Muslims in America. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. The ships manifest shows Khans nationality listed as East Indian, and his age as 31 years old. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. Two days later, Elijah Muhammads son, Wallace Muhammad, was named leader of the NOI, and quickly distanced himself from certain aspects of his fathers teachings most notably those denouncing whites as devils. One of the Conference Members by the name of Mr. Osman Sharrieff said to the Eleven Members of the Conference: 'The Lost-Found Nation of Islam will not return to their original Land unless they, first, have a thorough Knowledge of their own.' Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. The ATI was disbanded as ordered, though in name only; as the Nation of Islam, it continued to grow. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); Some sects within the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was murdered. "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. Fard taught that approximately 6,000 years ago a black scientist named Yakub conducted gene-manipulation experiments that resulted in the creation of the inferior white race. What would he have thought of it? In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { They also have a similar receding hairline that poofs out along the side. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. Updates? Learn how your comment data is processed. Fard had an East Indian appearance, and was a dapper dresser with perfect white teeth and dark eyes. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone? Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! I don't know what to think. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. I think you're right - between Fard's own obfuscation of his past and the FBI's misinformation campaign, we might never know just who he really was. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. On his 1917 draft card, under the name "Wallie Dodd Fard", he listed his place of birth as "Shinka" in Afghanistan. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. He was an adviser of Elijah Muhammad since the late 1950s and was the tutor of his son and successor Warith Deen Mohammed. Four years later, in 1963, they issued another story to a Los Angeles-based newspaper that claimed Ford and Fard were, in fact, the same person. He claimed he was influenced by the group. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. He offered the media $100,000 if they could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard were the same person. Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. After another brush with the law in April 1934, Fard left Detroit for good. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam It's strange that he never attempted further contact with his followers, however. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. WebMap of Fawn Creek, KS, Kansas. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. Corrections? He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. All Rights Reserved. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. Islam in the African AmericanExperience. He told followers he was born in the holy city of Mecca, and his light-skinned appearance, courtesy of his Russian Jewish mother, was pre-ordained so that he could more easily mix with white people. Fard disappeared in 1934. 1. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. [64][65] Fard wrote the following for his followers: "[T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. "[49], The Nation of Islam refutes the claim that Fard and Ford are one and the same in an article posted on the NOI website by Dr. Wesley Muhammad. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Lincoln, C. Eric. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Muhammad, Elijah. To this day, nobody knows. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. They traced one Wallace Dodd Ford of Los Angeles, a violent man with a criminal record who worked at a local restaurant. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". Fard disappeared in 1934. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many hip-hop songs. Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. He also listed his race as Caucasian and his birthdate as February 26, 1893. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! Through his friendly manner he was able to gain access to the homes of poor African Americans and began to teach about their "true religion," not Christianity but the "religion of the Black Man" of Asia and Africa. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Wallace D. Fard, also called Walli Farrad, Farrad Mohammed, F. Mohammed Ali, or Wallace Fard Muhammad, (born c. 1877, Meccadied 1934? One member of the group, later declared mentally insane, allegedly participated in "human sacrifice" in 1932 in an effort to follow lessons regarding the sacrifice of devils. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. His very name is uncertain. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. [22], Fard named his community the "Nation of Islam". In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. Did Marco Polo ever reach China? [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. [20] Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers. This fits with Ford's former professions. Essien-Udom, E. U. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Accordingly, he gave his followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? 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