[108] Later that off-season, he briefly toured South America with another barnstorming team, while his fiance Isum pursued nursing opportunities in New York City. Explore 11 little-known facts about the man who integrated baseball. While Robinson wore several different numbers during his UCLA career, the school chose 42 because it had become indelibly identified with him. Louis. [266] On June 17, 1971, he was killed in an automobile accident at age 24. [28] On the football team, he played quarterback and safety. ", "Larry Doby Remembers Being Introduced To", "Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball? Robinson's continued success spawned a string of death threats. "[203], Beginning his major league career at the relatively advanced age of 28, he played only ten seasons from 1947 to 1956, all of them for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Jack had 16 grandchildren and as of 2014, he had 2 great-grandchildren. The following January, approximately 1,000 people marched on New Year's Day to the airport,[234][235] which was desegregated shortly thereafter. [273], After Robinson's death, his widow founded the Jackie Robinson Foundation, and she remains an officer as of 2021. [52][110][111], In 1946, Robinson arrived at Daytona Beach, Florida, for spring training with the Montreal Royals of the Class AAA International League. [82][83] The hectic travel schedule also placed a burden on his relationship with Isum, with whom he could now communicate only by letter. [163] The Dodgers briefly moved into first place in the National League in late August 1948, but they ultimately finished third as the Braves went on to win the league title and lose to the Cleveland Indians in the World Series. [125] Pitching against Robinson was Warren Sandel who had played against him when they both lived in California. Jackie Robinson. [162] Robinson's interests began to shift toward the prospect of managing a major league team. . [6][7] Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, a sleepy Southern town near the Florida border. 470 Jackie Robinson Family Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Images Creative Editorial Video Creative Editorial FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 470 Jackie Robinson Family Premium High Res Photos Browse 470 jackie robinson family stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [280] In 1999, he was named by Time on its list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. He was survived by his wife Delano, their three sons and three daughters, a son and daughter from previous marriages, twenty-five grandchildren, and eight great grandchildren. [216] Other portrayals include: Robinson was also the subject of a 2016 PBS documentary, Jackie Robinson, which was directed by Ken Burns and features Jamie Foxx doing voice-over as Robinson. on May 7, 1938. "[107], Rickey's offer allowed Robinson to leave behind the Monarchs and their grueling bus rides, and he went home to Pasadena. O'Malley was quoted in the Montreal Standard as saying, "Jackie told me that he would be both delighted and honored to tackle this managerial post"although reports differed as to whether a position was ever formally offered. [213][214] Toward the end of his career, he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield, excelling at both. "[144][145][146][147] Woodward's article received the E. P. Dutton Award in 1947 for Best Sports Reporting. [93] Baseball fans also voted Robinson as the starting second baseman for the 1949 All-Star Gamethe first All-Star Game to include black players. [37] Toward the end of his PJC tenure, Frank Robinson (to whom Robinson felt closest among his three brothers) was killed in a motorcycle accident. David Robinson created Sweet Unity Farms, a group of 300 small farms in Tanzania. We never had a threatening or unpleasant experience there. Under the terms of the retirement, a grandfather clause allowed the handful of players who wore number 42 to continue doing so in tribute to Robinson, until such time as they subsequently changed teams or jersey numbers. [229], Robinson once told future Hall of Fame inductee Hank Aaron that "the game of baseball is great, but the greatest thing is what you do after your career is over. [58] As a result, the applications of Robinson and his colleagues were delayed for several months. His best day at the plate was on June 17, when he hit two home runs and two doubles. [148] On April 22, 1947, during a game between the Dodgers and the Philadelphia Phillies, Phillies players and manager Ben Chapman called Robinson a "nigger" from their dugout and yelled that he should "go back to the cotton fields". [106] Larry Doby, who broke the color line in the American League the same year as Robinson, said, "One of the things that was disappointing and disheartening to a lot of the black players at the time was that Jack was not the best player. While Mr. Robinson patrolled second base, his wife, Rachel, was combing the Connecticut suburbs for a family home. Even The Sporting News, a publication that had backed the color line, came out against the idea of a strike. [40][41], He was one of four black players on the Bruins' 1939 football team; the others were Woody Strode, Kenny Washington, and Ray Bartlett. [291][292] On April 15, 1997, Robinson's jersey number, 42, was retired throughout Major League Baseball, the first time any jersey number had been retired throughout one of the four major American sports leagues. He was the youngest of five children. [286], The City of Pasadena has recognized Robinson with a baseball diamond and stadium named Jackie Robinson Field in Brookside Park next to the Rose Bowl,[287] and with the Jackie Robinson Center (a community outreach center providing health services). high-school baseball, "Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 19811989", "Jackie Robinson receives Congressional Gold Medal", "Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver Announce the California Hall of Fame 2007 Inductees", "Steele Field at Jackie Robinson Stadium", "Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson Daytona Beach, Florida", "Robinson 'stood up for what he believed', "Fearing gang violence, school forfeits a game", "Historic sports sites rarely take landmark status", "Residents Want To Turn Jackie Robinson's Brooklyn Home into City Landmark", "NYC Parks unveils renovated Jackie Robinson Park in Harlem", "A Closer Look at New York City's Historic Harlem Parks (Part II)", "The Jackie Robinson Commemorative Coin Set", "Mayor Giuliani Unveils the New Jackie Robinson Parkway Sign", "Jersey City, Journal Square, plaque at base of Jackie Robinson statue", "Jackie Robinson's old Montreal apartment to be commemorated by U.S. government", "UCLA Honors Jackie Robinson by Retiring #42 Across All Sports", "201112 UCLA Men's Basketball Media Guide", "UCLA Basketball Notebook: Wooden Won't Make Trip To Indianapolis", "The Numbers Game From 00 To 99, Which Player Would You Choose for the All-Time Southern California Roster? All will be suspended and I don't care if it wrecks the National League for five years. Jackie was the youngest of five children, four boys and a girl, born to impoverished sharecroppers Jerry and Mallie Robinson. Complications from heart disease and diabetes weakened Robinson and made him almost blind by middle age. [9][93] In a famous three-hour exchange on August 28, 1945,[94] Rickey asked Robinson if he could face the racial animus without taking the bait and reacting angrilya concern given Robinson's prior arguments with law enforcement officials at PJC and in the military. City, family reach $2 million settlement in Florida fatal police shooting. [23][24], At Muir Tech, Robinson played numerous sports at the varsity level and lettered in four of them: football, basketball, track, and baseball. He was the youngest of five children born to Mallie (McGriff) and Jerry Robinson, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew (nicknamed "Mack"), and Willa Mae. [232] Although Robinson adopted an insulin injection regimen, the state of medicine at the time could not prevent the continued deterioration of Robinson's physical condition from the disease. April 13, 2010. In 1987, both the National and American League Rookie of the Year Awards were renamed the "Jackie Robinson Award" in honor of the first recipient (Robinson's Major League Rookie of the Year Award in 1947 encompassed both leagues). Jackie Robinson Research Papers. [211], Assessing himself, Robinson said, "I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me all I ask is that you respect me as a human being. [117][118] In Jacksonville, the stadium was padlocked shut without warning on game day, by order of the city's Parks and Public Property director. Karl Downs) to attend church on a regular basis, and Downs became a confidant for Robinson, a Christian. [243] He also served as the bank's first chairman of the board. Muchnick. [66][67][68] Robinson refused. Awards And Honors. [129][130] Whether fans supported or opposed it, Robinson's presence on the field was a boon to attendance; more than one million people went to games involving Robinson in 1946, an astounding figure by International League standards. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia in 1919 to a family of sharecroppers. [237] He was elected on the first ballot, becoming the first black player inducted into the Cooperstown museum. [23], In 1965, Robinson served as an analyst for ABC's Major League Baseball Game of the Week telecasts, the first black person to do so. Jackie Robinson's Family. [86], During the season, Robinson pursued potential major league interests. His wife Rachel was present for the dedication on September 15. Jack Roosevelt Robinson. For a general survey of the media reaction to Robinson at various phases of his career, In addition to Robinson, the 1949 All-Star game featured, Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award, History of baseball in the United States Racial integration in baseball, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 100 most influential people of the 20th century, The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts, List of first black Major League Baseball players, List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders, List of Major League Baseball batting champions, List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders, List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise, List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle, List of Major League Baseball retired numbers, List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders, List of NCAA major college yearly punt and kickoff return leaders, List of Negro league baseball players who played in Major League Baseball, List of University of California, Los Angeles people, Los Angeles Dodgers award winners and league leaders, "Boston Braves at Brooklyn Dodgers Box Score, April 15, 1947", "Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson: precursors of the civil rights movement", "In Pharaoh's Land: Cairo, Georgia 19191920", "White House dream team: Jackie Roosevelt Robinson", "Robinson a Baseball Star? [322] The New York Public School system has named a middle school after Robinson,[323] and Dorsey High School plays at a Los Angeles football stadium named after him. [109] On February 10, 1946, Robinson and Isum were married by their old friend, the Rev. While at Fort Hood, Robinson often used his weekend leave to visit the Rev. "[202] According to historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, Robinson's "efforts were a monumental step in the civil-rights revolution in America [His] accomplishments allowed black and white Americans to be more respectful and open to one another and more appreciative of everyone's abilities. [8][9] Robinson also was the first black television analyst in MLB and the first black vice president of a major American corporation, Chock full o'Nuts. Mack Robinson died at age 88 on March 12, 2000. [85] He also appeared in the 1945 EastWest All-Star Game, going hitless in five at-bats. [74] While there, Robinson met a former player for the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League, who encouraged Robinson to write the Monarchs and ask for a tryout. [93] For the performance Robinson earned the Most Valuable Player Award for the National League. [324] His home in Brooklyn, the Jackie Robinson House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976,[325] and Brooklyn residents sought to turn his home into a city landmark. He had grown used to a structured playing environment in college, and the Negro leagues' disorganization and embrace of gambling interests appalled him. [327][328] Robinson also has an asteroid named after him, 4319 Jackierobinson. From gang member to world-famous baseball player, Jackie Robinson helped break down barriers for African American athletes, proving that they can not only compete, but excel, in a variety of sports. [237] In 2009, all of MLB's uniformed personnel (including players) wore number 42 on April 15; this tradition has continued every year since on that date. When Jackie was just a young infant, his father abandoned the family and left Mallie to raise the children alone. In the mid-1940s, Branch Rickey, club president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, began to scout the Negro leagues for a possible addition to the Dodgers' roster. For the family of Baseball Hall of Famer Jackie Robinson, it's an honor they've had An embarrassing mistake on a New York street sign named in honor of Jackie Robinson is going viral. [102] In what was later referred to as "The Noble Experiment",[52][103] Robinson was the first black baseball player in the International League since the 1880s. "[93][95] After obtaining a commitment from Robinson to "turn the other cheek" to racial antagonism, Rickey agreed to sign him to a contract for $600 a month, equal to $9,031 today. Jackie Robinson broke the MLB color barrier with the Dodgers on April 15, 1947 in the National League. [270] Twenty-five years after Robinson's death, the Interboro Parkway was renamed the Jackie Robinson Parkway in his memory. [23][243] Robinson always considered his business career as advancing the cause of black people in commerce and industry. [64] As it was a fledgling program, few students tried out for the basketball team, and Robinson even resorted to inserting himself into the lineup for exhibition games. [190] Robinson ended his major league career when he struck out to end Game 7 of the 1956 World Series. [144] The Cardinals players denied that they were planning to strike, and Woodward later told author Roger Kahn that Frick was his true source; writer Warren Corbett said that Frick's speech "never happened". [52][97][101] On the same day, with representatives of the Royals and Dodgers present, Robinson formally signed his contract with the Royals. [162][163] The following autumn, Robinson won his only championship when the Dodgers beat the New York Yankees in the 1955 World Series. 42. [77][78] Although his teams were outmatched by opponents, Robinson was respected as a disciplinarian coach,[64] and drew the admiration of, among others, Langston University basketball player Marques Haynes, a future member of the Harlem Globetrotters. [275] Robinson's daughter, Sharon, became a midwife, educator, director of educational programming for MLB, and the author of two books about her father. He was the youngest of five children, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew (nicknamed "Mack"), and Willa Mae. Robinson died at age 85 at a hospital in Pasadena on March 12, 2000. [29] As at Muir High School, most of Jackie's teammates were white. [238] In 1966, Robinson was hired as general manager for the short-lived Brooklyn Dodgers of the Continental Football League. Died. [335], A jersey that Robinson brought home with him after his rookie season ended in 1947 was sold at an auction for $2.05million on November 19, 2017. The local Boys and Girls . [241], On June 4, 1972, the Dodgers retired his uniform number, 42, alongside those of Roy Campanella (39) and Sandy Koufax (32). [13][14] After Robinson's father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California. [7] In 1999, he was posthumously named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. That season, the Dodgers' Don Newcombe became the first black major league pitcher to win twenty games in a year. Although the team enjoyed ultimate success, 1955 was the worst year of Robinson's individual career. [4], Later in spring training, after some less-than-stellar performances, Robinson was shifted from shortstop to second base, allowing him to make shorter throws to first base. Mets owner Fred Wilpon announced that the Metsin conjunction with Citigroup and the Jackie Robinson Foundationwill created the Jackie Robinson Museum and Learning Center, located at the headquarters of the Jackie Robinson Foundation at One Hudson Square, along Canal Street in lower Manhattan. [84] In all, Robinson played 47 games at shortstop for the Monarchs, hitting .387 with five home runs, and registering 13 stolen bases. [205], Robinson's career is generally considered to mark the beginning of the post"long ball" era in baseball, in which a reliance on raw power-hitting gave way to balanced offensive strategies that used footspeed to create runs through aggressive baserunning. Weary of constant disagreements with O'Malley, and with no hope of being re-appointed as President of the Dodgers, Rickey cashed out his one-quarter financial interest in the team, leaving O'Malley in full control of the franchise. [148][194], In 1954, Robinson had 62 runs scored, a .311 batting average, and 7 steals. [66][69] When Robinson later confronted the investigating duty officer about racist questioning by the officer and his assistant, the officer recommended Robinson be court-martialed. Rachel and their three children, Jackie Jr., Sharon and David, provided Jackie with the emotional support and sense of purpose essential for bearing the pressure during the early years of baseball. Jackie Robinson was born January 31, 1919 as Jackie Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson. The price was the highest ever paid for a post-World War II jersey.[340]. The people were so welcoming and saw Jack as a player and as a man. [252] He later became special assistant for community affairs when Rockefeller was re-elected governor of New York in 1966 and in 1971 was appointed to the New York State Athletic Commission by Rockefeller. Jack Roosevelt (Jackie) Robinson Born 31 Jan 1919 in Cairo, Grady, Georgia, United States Ancestors Son of Jerry Robinson and Mallie (McGriff) Robinson Brother of Edgar Robinson, Frank Robinson, Matthew MacKenzie Robinson and Willa Mae (Robinson) Walker Husband of [private wife (1920s - unknown) ] His family were sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. 1950), and David Robinson (b. [211] After playing his rookie season at first base,[93] Robinson spent most of his career as a second baseman. While in Rehab he was involved in a car accident and died around the age of 25 in 1971. 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