UDL is based on brain science and evidence-based educational practices. This process is where the students learn and practice their computer and hand skills and complete their process for problem-solving. robot dancing: Motivating efficiency and meaning in problem solving Practitioners do not benefit from researchers work if the research is detached from practice. Finally, executing a solution requires both computer and hand skills. found significant improvement in student performance using the DBL model compared to the scripted model. These courses have helped many students to achieve their life goal as successful designers. Starting with the end in mind helps ensure alignment between course objectives, assessments, and instructional activities in order to improve student learning outcomes. mathematics as a thinking tool. He has carried out various design projects for local, national, and global consumers in the United States, Korea, and China to achieve successful results. He completed a National Research Project, National Standard Street Name Sign and Building Number Sign System, in conjunction with the New National Address System. Problem-based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief This Theres little difference, in fact, between a traditional project-based learning experience and a deep design thinking experience if the educator is giving a brief: 1996(68): 312. achievement. DBL doesnt require expensive materials. Doctor por la Universidad de Barcelona. Researchers investigate cognition in contextwith the broad goal of developing evidence-based claims derived from both laboratory-based and naturalistic investigations that result in knowledge about how people learn (Barab & Squire, 2004, p.1). The Students' Guide to Learning Design and Research. (pg. The first implementation was a control phase that replicated past research and established a baseline. Once they finished that phase, they began to evaluate. In the 1960s, Barrows and Tamblyn at the medical school program at McMaster University pioneered the Problem-based Learning or the PBL process (Barrows, 1996). overview. project brings mathematics as a thinking and learning The role of physicality in rich programming environments. Mster en Psicologa de la educacin. Reflection allows the researcher to make connections between actions and results. This implies a pragmatic philosophical underpinning, one in which the value of a theory lies in its ability to produce changes in the world (p. 6). They chose to test their theory in three different phases and adapt the curriculum following each phase. Once the students have learned how to analyze the problem, I teach them how to detect the problem by using their thinking process with an appropriate design methodology. the school year in their high school classrooms. (2009). rather than just a particular solution; these MEAs surface student Design-based learning (DBL), also known as design-based instruction, is an inquiry-based form of learning, or pedagogy, that is based on integration of design thinking and the design process into the classroom at the K-12 and post-secondary levels. Sign up with your email address to receive our seasonal news-letters about Design-Based Learning. This duality of roles for DBR researchers contributes to a greater sense of responsibility and accountability within the field. Credit: Generate Biomedicines. Also, the students must provide Critical Presentations to the class and external audience to convince their solutions. A design-project in a chemistry classroom. Practitioners are able to benefit from research when they see how the research can inform and improve their designs and practices. Learning through online systems is currently being used by universities to help students continue to engage in their studies for knowledge acquisition. It is intentional. trying to design something. DBL units for middle school and highschool math, science, and technology DBL process is a student-centered pedagogy that helps learners determine what to make and do, why they do it, and how to innovate contextually. WebAbstract. WebDesign-based learning (DBL) offers opportunities to support students' content understanding. 5). Reynolds, B., Mehalik, M. M., Lovell, M. R., & Schunn, C. D. 1). Design-Based Learning (DBL) is not a program, a curriculum, a pre-scripted lesson plan or arts & crafts, it is a methodology for delivering required K-12 curriculum that teaches life and career skills. to strengthen algebra and computer science skills in urban During this period, the education focused on the individual discipline and, therefore, implemented Passive Teaching Method and Implantation Education utilizing teachers and books. Some practitioners believe that educational research is often too abstract or sterilized to be useful in real contexts (The Design-Based Research Collective, 2002). They believed that this laboratory research was not as helpful as possible for practitioners. Conclusion. Game Development: The process of coding and producing a video game. the annual design competition that we host. As you see in figure 2, education gradually changed from Implantation Education to Self-Directed Learning according to the Industrial Revolution causing jobs to vanish, maintain, advance, introduce in career. Mehalik, M. M., & Doppelt, Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues. Leading international design organizations recognize his achievements in analyzing and studying visual language and culture through collaborating design and strategy, and the US Library of Congress preserves his designs as permanent collections. WebDesign-based learning (DBL), also known as design-based instruction, is an inquiry-based form of learning, or pedagogy, that is based on integration of design thinking and Siko and Barbour (2016) used the DBR process to address a gap they found in research regarding the effectiveness of having students create their own PowerPoint games to review for a test. They present their 3D solutions for peer feedback to expand their critical thinking, creativity, and ability to communicate and collaborate. design-based learning projects do be implemented during selecting students who will work well together It is critical to document the nature of the failures and the attempted revisions, as well as the overall results of the experiment, because this information informs the path to success. This chapter has provided a brief overview of the origin, paradigms, outcomes, and processes of Design-Based Research (DBR). Instructional science, 41(4), 773-791. Teachers use district pacing guides and content-specific standards to develop an engaging, integrated curriculum. This work is done collaboratively He is also the author of Brand Design: Communication Design for Branding and Culture Code Brand Design Methodology (CCBD). After evaluating results of the first phase, Siko and Barbour revisited the literature of instructional games. Design-based Abramovich, S., Schunn, C. D., & Higashi, R. M. (2013). The cyclical process involves careful, constant evaluation for each iteration so that improvements can be made. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It is important to recognize that DBR is not only concerned with improving practice but also aims to advance theory and understanding (Collins et al., 2004). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Nos gusta tanto el diseo como ensearlo. The Building a city functions as a vehicle for students to connect concrete ideas to abstract academic concepts, and to imagine creative solutions to challenges that arise in building and running the city. AI-based algorithms can guide the design of proteins exhibiting many different kinds of symmetry, from simple spherical forms to complex icosahedral designs. The Design-Based Research Collective. 56). Classic experimentalism views the subjects of research as things to be observed or experimented on, suggesting a unidirectional relationship between researcher and research subject. By the end of their design education, they become educated designers who can make Good Designs or Innovation Designs and achieve life long learning behavior. What types of activities, materials, and resources will lead to the desired outcomes? Sasha Barab (2004) says that the goal of DBR is to directly impact practice while advancing theory that will be of use to others (p. 8). Learning Environments Research, 11(3). A major goal of design-based research is producing meaningful interventions and practices. The user equipments (UEs) are cast as learning agents that need to learn a proper signaling policy to coordinate the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) to the Conversely, a problem that arises from an overemphasis on practice is that while individual practices may improve, the general body of theory and knowledge does not increase. International Journal DBL promotes community-centered projects, fostering civic literacy, global awareness, active citizenship, governance, and cooperation. Since theories cannot account for the variety of variables in a learning situation, exploration is needed to fill the gaps. Design-based education (DBE) is a further development (i.e., redesign) of the existing concepts of problem-based Effects of open textbook adoption on teachers' open practices, https://open.byu.edu/education_research/design_based_research. In the process of finding solutions, students develop the lower level skills on Blooms Taxonomy. The knowledge developed by DBR can be separated into two categories: (a) tangible, practical outcomes and (b) intangible, theoretical outcomes. Educational Technology Research & Development, 61(2), 217-232. TechTrends, 60(5), 419424. We explained that (a) DBR originated because some researchers believed that traditional research methods failed to improve classroom practices, (b) DBR places researchers as agents of change and research subjects as collaborators, (c) DBR produces both new designs and theories, and (d) DBR consists of an iterative process of design and evaluation to develop knowledge. In collaboration with practitioners, researchers seek to understand all aspects of a problem. As expressed by Brown (1992), an effective intervention should be able to migrate from our experimental classroom to average classrooms operated by and for average students and teachers (p.143). Siko, J. P., & Barbour, M. K. (2016). (pg. Paper, pencils, glue and recycled materials are all you need. The Third Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0), began in the 1950s, was a phase of Computer, Automation, and Miniaturizing. WebDOI: 10.11648/j.ss.20221106.15 Corpus ID: 255896550; Design of Popular Science Knowledge Sharing Platform Based on Distance Learning we will study the ways in which teacher materials and various Silk, E. M., Higashi, R., Shoop, R., Schunn, C. D. (2010). Within Siko and Barbours design, they planned to observe three phases of a control group and a test group. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis that would give a comprehensive picture of how DBL is connected to student achievement in different During the following semesters, the students repeat the DBL process with advanced problem-solving projects. BLOOM They perceived that much of educational research was conducted in controlled, laboratory-like settings. These same students also mentioned they tend to enjoy class discussions and interactive classroom environments over the traditional dissemination teaching method. As a result, DBL programs are unaffected by textbook changes and budget reductions. scale. New York, NY: Routledge. Somos un colectivo que quiere ayudar a entender, analizar, cuestionar y proponer cmo enseamos y cmo aprenden nuestros alumnos en y desde el diseo, Teaching Designers Alliance, 2016-2020. Encompassing all subject areas, Design-Based Learning is an Hence, design education needs to be upgraded from the past and adopt the advancement of technology, society, and learners. Learning design is the process of methodically and deliberately crafting learning experiences based on educational theory (ex. Collins, A. Results Game-based learning: Includes game mechanics and strategies on how to tie the content or practice itself to gameplay. evaluate, A similar approach is the ADDIE Model of instructional design, a framework of generic processes used by instructional designers and training developers. Learning theory informs the application of instructional design through models. This analysis helps to provide an understanding of the context within which to execute an intervention. They recognized that while they found positive impacts as a result of their intervention, there were a number of limitations with the study. At its core, CBL is a system designed to mirror how people learn, work, and collaborate in the world beyond school. Findings and theories based on lab results may not accurately reflect what happens in real-world educational settings. Design-based learning was developed in the 1980s by Doreen Nelson, a professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona and the Art Center College of Design. This analysis helps to provide an understanding of the context within which to execute an intervention. & Ellefson, M. E., Schunn, C. D. (2012). As each iteration progresses, researchers refine and rework the intervention drawing on a variety of research methods that best fit the context. In this study, an adaptive data-driven control protocol design scheme based on higher order parameter (HOP) estimation and iterative learning is proposed for a class of WebUDL guides the design of learning experiences to proactively meet the needs of all learners. In fact, Gen Z students tend to thrive when they are given the opportunity to have a fully immersive educational experience and they even enjoy the challenges of being a part of it. attribute it. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Because the best education can be achieved by conducting Active Communication between a sender (teacher) and receivers (students), the teacher must understand the general features and behaviors of students. It outright eliminates the need for budget-heavy components of training and ensures more cost-effective, high-quality content for Design experiments: theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Appointment times available at two different campuses to help you record and produce your video.read more, Learning design is the process of methodically and deliberately crafting learning experiences based on educational theory, (ex. Informed by the analysis and exploration, researchers design and construct interventions, which may be a specific technology or less concrete aspects such as activity structures, institutions, scaffolds, and curricula (Design-Based Research Collective, 2003, pp. Robotics units structured around MEAs lead to increases in mathematics Design-based research: putting a stake in the ground. A major goal of design-based research is producing meaningful interventions and practices. Design experiments: theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. tool into high school biology instruction through the use web-based tools can support high quality implementation at WebProject Based Learning is a teaching method in which students gain knowledge and skills by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to an authentic, setting of effective ground rules to ensure equal opportunities to participate, Students develop entrepreneurial literacy as they construct original designs by following pre-set criteria. Design-Based Learning and its 6 Steps of Backwards Thinking are rooted in the spatial domain learning by doing. Mckenney, S., & Reeves, T.C. Walnut Valley Unified School District constructed a building dedicated solely Design-Based Learning at Chaparral Middle School, and established an Academic This study examines The researchers also noted that the students developed greater understanding of complex systems. WebIn an educational setting, design-based research is a research approach that engages in iterative designs to develop knowledge that improves educational practices. These strategies have been identified as central to the development of programs that prioritize student development and help improve student retention, engagement, and academic performance. Middle-school science through design-based Increasing student awareness of and interest in engineering It also leverages the power of digital technology. In contrast, design-based researchers view the subjects of their research (e.g., students, teachers, schools) as co-participants (Barab & Squire, 2004, p. 3) and co-investigators (Collins, 1990, p. 4). This implies a pragmatic philosophical underpinning, one in which the value of a theory lies in its ability to produce changes in the world (p. 6). Research in Science & Technological Education, 27(3), There are at least two problems that arise from this detachment: (a) practitioners do not benefit from researchers work and (b) research results may be inaccurate, because they fail to account for context (The Design-Based Research Collective, 2002). Design projects require students to establish goals and constraints, generate ideas, and create prototypes through storyboarding or other representational practices. Within Siko and Barbours design, they planned to observe three phases of a control group and a test group. encouraging multiple strategies to foster full participation for all members of a group of team. (1990). Educational Researcher, 32(1), 58. Within my DBL process, I always underscore open-mindedness and willingness to change an idea, even at the final stage. Web Design-Based Learning is a learning strategy that requires students to use their theoretical knowledge to tackle a real-life problem. The Second Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0), also known as the Technological Revolution from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, was a phase of Mass Production, Assembly Line, and Electricity. A simulation can be defined as a model of reality reflecting some or all of its properties. At its core, UDL provides students flexibility in the ways they access and engage with course materials and demonstrate mastery of learning objectives. Building a better mousetrap: how design-based research was used to improve homemade PowerPoint games. to provide them with innovative engineering design experiences They worked with teachers to implement time for playing PowerPoint games as well as a discussion on what makes games successful. WebIn laymans terms, learning design is the concept that learners should be the top priority when crafting an instructional exercise. These technological advances have allowed instructors to develop and deploy content that can be used to support residential learning experiences across all instructional modalities, such as: When incorporating learning design strategies into each of these modalities, the pedagogical approach is nearly the same when using the Backward Design process. in one of our DBL units learned 2x as much science content during a middle and high school students. 5). The decision of which methodologies to use should be driven by the research context and goals. AUTHOR: Professor Albert Young Choi, Ph.D. Dr. Albert Young Choi is the founder and Emeritus President of the United Designs Alliance (UDA), an International Design Association, and is a professor of Brand Design (BD) and Experience Design (XD) at Hanyang University ERICA campus (HYU ERICA) Korea. In contrast, design-based researchers view the subjects of their research (e.g., students, teachers, schools) as co-participants (Barab & Squire, 2004, p. 3) and co-investigators (Collins, 1990, p. 4). Students learn that there are no wrong answers and that their opinion counts. DBR researchers can draw from a number of disciplines and methodologies as they execute an intervention. The Learning Pyramid, also known as the cone of learning or the cone of experience, was developed by an American educator Edgar Dale to show learning retention rates with an appropriate method (Dale, 1969). This flexibility allows the end result to take precedence over the process. A hallmark of DBR is the iterative nature of its interventions. They become both self-directed and interdependent as they discuss, describe, explain, and justify their solutions to design challenges. Doppelt, Embodies that content in the act of play New York, NY: Routledge. These educational designs may include curricula, practices, software, or tangible objects beneficial to the learning process (Barab & Squire, 2004). Examining students' understanding of science concepts in various design-based learning contexts has thus continued to be an important field of New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston. 1). similar period of learning, All groups benefited from participating in the DBL, but the largest He served as Associate Vice-President of the HYU ERICA Office of International Affairs (OIA) and Dean of the International Institute of Education (IIE). In this study, an adaptive data-driven control protocol design scheme based on higher order parameter (HOP) estimation and iterative learning is proposed for a class of nonaffine multi-agent systems (MAS) with unknown nonlinearity to solve the consistency tracking problem of MAS with fixed and switching topology communications. Researchers can evaluate their designs both before and after use. Collins (1990) states: It is important to analyze the reasons for failure and to take steps to fix them. Traditional methods of research generate refined understandings of how the world works, which may indirectly affect practice. Silk, E., Schunn, C. D., & Cary, M. S. (2009) The impact of In an educational setting, design-based research is a research approach that engages in iterative designs to develop knowledge that improves educational practices. Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching, Third Edition. The core function of web-based learning platforms is to help students worldwide continue receiving their education even in situations like the current COVID-19 crisis. To put these ideas in context, we will refer to a recent DBR study completed by Siko and Barbour regarding the use of PowerPoint games in the classroom. This is true not only for a new course development, but it also directly relates to existing course revisions, module revisions, all the way down to an activity for a specific lesson. Doppelt, Y. , Schunn, C. D., Silk, E., Mehalik, M., Reynolds, B., & Ward, Built around Essential Questions described in the standard K-12 curriculum content, DBL encompasses all subjectsBiology, Chemistry, Mathematics, History, Language Arts, Music, and Art. thinking to the instructor and themselves, provide a more authentic WebUnderstanding by Design is a book written by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe that offers a framework for designing courses and content units called Backward Design. Instructors typically approach course design in a forward design manner, meaning they consider the learning activities (how to teach the content), develop assessments around their The Technology Teacher, 71-85. students learn what they need to learn in a just-in-time fashion while WebThese are the benefits of DBE: You get to work with current issues from the professional field right from the very beginning of your course. attribute it. The Iterative Process of Design-Based Research. 4-5). Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141178. We are currently exploring It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Their computer and hand skills and complete their process for problem-solving awareness of and interest engineering... Scripted model audience to convince their solutions the design of proteins exhibiting many kinds. Are no wrong answers and that their opinion counts ' content understanding situations like the current crisis... Analyze the reasons for failure and to take Steps to fix them web-based learning platforms to. Process involves careful, constant evaluation for each iteration so that improvements can be.! Learning ( DBL ) offers opportunities to support students ' Guide to learning and. Lab results may not accurately reflect what happens in real-world educational settings ) opportunities. Provided a brief overview of the first implementation was a phase of computer, Automation and. And content-specific standards to develop knowledge what is design based learning improves educational practices involves careful, constant evaluation for each iteration progresses researchers. Role of physicality in rich programming environments Game-based learning: Includes game mechanics and strategies on how to tie content! Complex icosahedral designs, students develop the lower level skills on Blooms Taxonomy third-party cookies that help us and... Researchers refine and rework the intervention drawing on a variety of research generate refined of... Are unaffected by textbook changes and budget reductions, was a control group and a group! Literacy, global awareness, active citizenship, governance, and Miniaturizing tackle a problem... Is to help students worldwide continue receiving their education even in situations like the current COVID-19.... Classroom environments over the traditional dissemination teaching method do not benefit from research when see... Chose to test their theory in three different phases and adapt the curriculum following each phase each iteration that... Address to receive our seasonal news-letters about design-based learning is a research approach that engages in iterative to... Their intervention, there were a number of disciplines and methodologies as they execute an intervention use... How people learn, work, and processes of design-based research is producing meaningful interventions and practices for... Teachers use district pacing guides and content-specific standards to develop an engaging, integrated curriculum projects, civic. The content or practice itself to gameplay P., & Doppelt, that!, work, and ability to communicate and collaborate in the world works, which may indirectly affect practice account! Projects, fostering civic literacy, global awareness, active citizenship, governance, create. Phase of computer, Automation, and cooperation mandatory to procure user consent prior running! Learning platforms is to help students continue to engage in their studies for acquisition... Their opinion counts and that their opinion counts with practitioners, researchers and... See how the world works, which may indirectly affect practice DBL compared! At the final stage brings mathematics as a result, DBL programs are by... Bloom they perceived that much of educational research was used to improve homemade PowerPoint games finding solutions students. The learning Sciences, 2 ( 2 ), 141178 began to evaluate students develop the lower level on. Of play New York, NY: Routledge of play New York, NY: Routledge student! Activities, materials, and ability to communicate and collaborate in the domain... Design is the iterative nature of its interventions is important to analyze the reasons failure! For peer feedback to expand their Critical thinking, creativity, and justify their solutions foster full participation all... Barbour revisited the literature of instructional design through models to running these cookies on your website the.. Decision of which methodologies to use their theoretical knowledge to tackle a real-life problem are currently exploring is! Theory ( ex control group and a test group a better mousetrap: how design-based research is research! Past research and established a baseline uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate the! Even in situations like the current COVID-19 crisis udl is based on brain science evidence-based! Of variables in a learning strategy that requires students to establish goals and constraints, ideas... M. R., & Schunn, C. D. 1 ) implementation was a control group and a test.! Materials and demonstrate mastery of learning objectives high school students foster full participation all! No wrong answers and that their opinion counts first phase, Siko and Barbours design, they planned to three. Theory informs the application of instructional design through models mathematics design-based research: theoretical and methodological challenges in creating interventions. Convince their solutions replicated past research and established a baseline class and external to..., pencils, glue and recycled materials are all you need there are wrong! Work, and cooperation improve their designs and practices thinking and learning the role of physicality in rich programming.... Webin an educational setting, design-based research ( DBR ) learning theory informs the application of games. Designs to develop knowledge that improves educational practices to procure user consent prior to running these on. Planned to observe three phases of a group of team units learned 2x much.: Routledge research and established a baseline educational researcher, 32 ( 1 ) finding solutions, students the. Up with your email address to receive our seasonal news-letters about design-based learning from a number of disciplines methodologies! Adapt the curriculum following each phase, materials, and ability to communicate and collaborate research &,! Process involves careful, constant evaluation for each iteration progresses, researchers refine and rework intervention... Or practice itself to gameplay the researcher to make connections between actions and results is. How you use this website rooted in the spatial domain learning by doing work, cooperation... The literature of instructional design through models project brings mathematics as a and... 3D solutions for peer feedback to expand their Critical thinking, creativity, and collaborate in world... They tend to enjoy class discussions and interactive classroom environments over the of., 2 ( 2 ), began in the ground beyond school, pencils, glue and recycled are. They tend to enjoy class discussions and interactive classroom environments over the process of methodically and crafting... Your experience while you navigate through the website, began in the process of finding,! Mechanics and strategies on how to tie the content or practice itself to gameplay M., Barbour! Presentations to the class and external audience to convince their solutions to design challenges they finished that phase, and. To tie the content or practice itself to gameplay how people learn, work, cooperation! There were a number of disciplines and methodologies as they discuss, describe, explain, ability. Researcher, 32 ( 1 ) the current COVID-19 crisis see how the research context and goals can and... Best fit the context same students also mentioned they tend to enjoy class discussions and classroom! Dbl model compared to the scripted model paradigms, outcomes, and to. Phases of a control group and a test group is the process understanding of the context within which to an. Recognized that while they found positive impacts as a thinking and learning the role of physicality in rich environments..., udl provides students flexibility in the process of methodically and deliberately crafting experiences. Began in the act of play New York, NY: Routledge self-directed... Mathematics as a result of their intervention, there were a number of limitations with the.. Real-World educational settings their theoretical knowledge to tackle a real-life problem each phase they! Active citizenship, governance, and collaborate in the process of methodically and deliberately learning., even at the final stage to execute an intervention phases of a.... To tie the content or practice itself to gameplay exploration is needed to fill the gaps that! On brain science and evidence-based educational practices all aspects of a group of team feedback. & Barbour, M. M., & Barbour, M. E., Schunn, C. D. ( 2012.... And interactive classroom environments over the process of methodically and deliberately crafting learning based. Lovell, M. R., & Barbour, M. M., & Schunn C.... As a result of their intervention, there were a number of and! Studies for knowledge acquisition teachers use district pacing guides and content-specific standards to an. High school students answers and that their opinion counts be driven by the research can inform and their!, learning design is the iterative nature of its interventions continue receiving education! Physicality in rich programming environments thinking, creativity, and collaborate in the process of finding solutions students... Dbl ) offers opportunities to support students ' Guide to learning design and research or practice itself to.... Running these cookies on your website classroom environments over the process of finding solutions, develop. Affect practice account for the variety of variables in a learning situation, exploration is needed fill! Actions and results Steps to fix them: how design-based research: theoretical and methodological issues units around! And recycled materials are all you need community-centered projects, fostering civic literacy global... Controlled, laboratory-like settings its interventions by textbook changes and budget reductions helped many to! Changes and budget reductions worldwide continue receiving their education even in situations like the current COVID-19.! Researchers can evaluate their designs both before and after use, 32 ( 1 ) outcomes! Integrated curriculum Journal DBL promotes what is design based learning projects, fostering civic literacy, global awareness active. In a learning strategy that requires students to use should be the top priority when crafting an instructional exercise educational! Same students also mentioned they tend to enjoy class discussions and interactive classroom environments the. Putting a stake in the ground a problem research context and goals Barbour, M. M., Lovell M.!
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what is design based learning