If theoretically a ball could not lose any energy during a bounce, it would bounce back to 100% of the height it was dropped from. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. Harder balls have a higher recovery rate than softer ones, and clay-based balls have a higher recovery rate than rubber or synthetic balls. The combination of the material properties of a ball (surface textures, actual materials, amount of air, hardness/ softness, and so on) affects the height of its bounce. A tennis ball is a small, spherical object that is used in the sport of tennis. Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. They are typically softer, allowing them to give them a little more space and make them easier to hit. Because air is a gas, when compressed, it becomes harder and pushes back harder than any other substance. harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. Why Tennis Balls Bounce. A glass ball will bounce higher than a rubber ball if it doesnt break. solid. Hypothesis. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. From the early days of tennis in the 1870s to the early 1900s, a rubber made of India rubber was used to manufacture lawn tennis balls, as was the rubber made from the vulcanization process invented by Charles Goodyear. More thermal energy is also produced. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. (Image by Harold E. "Doc" Edgerton), http://www.exploratorium.edu/sports/ball_bounces/index.html, http://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball/bouncing_balls.html, Playing the Angles: The Physics of Balls Bouncing Off of Surfaces. As a result, they move at a slower rate of speed with less energy. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. The grass does not provide as much upward rebound when the ball hits it. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. You can compensate by adjusting your strings and striking a much bouncier tennis ball. But what makes a ball bounce? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. The tennis ball was then dropped from various heights; 1, 1.5 and 2 meters above a hard surface, using a meter ruler, before it was dropped onto the ground and the resulting bounce height measured. Section II: Hypothesis. Does height make a difference? the higher it popped up into the air. Keep releasing pressure and repeating the experiment until the ball no longer bounces. Floor BoardsEach of the drops was performed 5 times to get an accurate Reading and Average.In this experiment this shown what types of surfaces absorb a lot of the dispersed energy and the surface and which ones do not do it as well.This was done on iMovie and took 2 Hours to Create.So Please Enjoy! Make a note of which one bounces up higher and how high they bounce! The acceleration due to gravity causes the ball to change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2. You can stay in the game and avoid burning up by playing in the evenings or on a court with lighting. Its a great way to get some exercise while also getting some quality time with friends. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot. Balls change shape during play. An increase in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. on different types of surfaces, then recorded the height of the bounce. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which This is called the relative speed. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. A ball bounces differently on different surfaces because some surfaces absorb more energy from the ball than others. Therefore, harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. old and new tennis balls (different surface textures/ages). For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. SCIENTIFIC Method Aim & Hypothesis Method Variables Risk Assessment Results Conclusion & discussion After each drop, talk to Phlebas and come to a decision about how high it bounced on your measuring implement. The reason is that the molecules in the ball are more active when they are warmer, so they push against each other harder, and the ball expands more. It is usual in science to plot the dependent variable on the vertical axis (y-axis) of the graph and the independent variable on the horizontal axis (x-axis) of the graph. Tennis balls bounce differently in the high altitude and at sea. ping pong 2 cm 3 cm 2 cm 2 cm, basketball 82 cm 84 cm 80 82 Set the tripod back far enough for the entire ladder and measuring poster to be in view. Take your class outside, to an area with a smooth, flat surface. didn't catch the ball on time before it went back down to the ground, we would get Will the air pressure change the bounciness of a ball? All rights reserved. An investigation into how they impact play on the court. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. What factors affect the bounce height of a ball? Now, take your video and watch it to gather your data. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. It will not bounce to high if it is heavy. - Paper x A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. The bounce height was measured at a 90 degree viewing angle to the ruler to minimise parallax errors. There were some trends observed in our Balls bounce up to 5 . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The temperature of the tennis ball has an impact on its bounce. The air in the ball expands and contracts as it is compressed. Tennis balls bounce due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together: 1. We did this by bouncing different types of balls Trying to figure out different things about any item, in my case bouncing balls and observing their heights. The height of a balls bounce is affected by its material properties, as well as other factors. Note whether the ball and surface showed more of an elastic or inelastic collision. A tennis ball is made of rubber and is covered with felt. Is it a straight line? The balls dropped from 75 centimeters will bounce higher than those dropped from 50 centimeters, and the balls in the 50 centimeter trials will bounce higher than those in the 25 centimeter trials. This occurs due to a lower air pressure at higher altitudes, which exerts less force on the ball. Tennis balls with rough surfaces bounce higher than balls with smooth surfaces. Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. Place one of the tennis balls in the freezer for 20 mins 2. Do different kinds of balls bounce differently? The dependence of the speed or pace of the court on the coefficient of friction (COF) as well as the coefficient of restitution (COR) is derived. The approach was to place 3 tennis balls in 4 different environments with different temperatures. The aim of the experiment my partner and I performed was to find out which What material makes a ball bounce higher? discovered that there is a handful of information that would assist my partner and I Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Fully pump up the basketball and check the pressure with the pressure gauge. Cold weather causes the rubber to harden, resulting in drops in air pressure inside the ball. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. A cold tennis ball bounces lower than a warm one. Here is another activity that tests temperature and bounce using golf balls and baseballs: There are many other great ball projects in this fun book: ball pressure gauge (available at a sporting goods store). To compensate, swing to a much bouncier tennis ball and adjust your strings. As for catching the balls on time, we changed our hand positioning and I also The Tennis ball experiment - Home The Tennis ball experiment How Do Different Surfaces Effect The Bounce Of A Tennis Ball? Warm up the ball before it is used to increase its bounce. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. One of the hunks of information we found was, it goes back into the ball, giving it more force to pop back up into the air. . These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. Tennis balls were originally invented for the sport of tennis, but they make a great test subject for physics experiments. Answer (1 of 4): The height to which a ball bounces depends on several factors: 1) The height from which it is dropped, 2) Whether it was thrown down or just dropped and how hard it was thrown, 3) How much energy is lost in the ball during the collision with the floor 4) How much energy is lost . stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. The ball is slowed down by gravity so that it doesnt bounce as many times until it stops. When a tennis ball is on the court, the bounces are heavily influenced by the environment. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. All rights reserved. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). carpet, tennis 57 cm 56 cm 61 cm 58 cm in the execution of our experiment. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. The clay surface slows the ball down more than the grass of Wimbledon, allowing Nadal to use his forehand to his advantage. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. Low-power hitters have a more difficult time bouncing the ball on clay courts, whereas high-power hitters have a better chance of bouncing the ball on hard courts due to the higher bounce. faced. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure. Therefore the heavier the ball is, the faster its terminal velocity. Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm, 40cm and of course zero cm. Two different types of balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be compared. small balls sometimes, but we could have improved this by taking many attempts The harder the court surface is, the higher the rebounded ball will be. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. Hypothesis: if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball How Much Do Air Jordan Tennis Shoes Cost? You may print and distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. A hard surface, such as concrete, absorbs less energy compared with a soft surface, such as a carpeted floor. The colder, the lower the ball bounces, and vice versa. A tennis ball bounces because the air inside pushes outwards when it is in contact with a hard surface. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. The ball exerts less pressure when it is at higher altitudes because of the lower air pressure. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. You can even play tennis outside in any weather. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. Keep your balls warm in order to get the best bounce possible. The more energy absorbed by the surface, the less that remains in the ball for it to bounce. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. This causes thermal energy to be given off. Tennis balls should ideally be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius. ball bounced 6 inches. Place the video camera on a level that will be able to clearly record the experiment, whilst a person sits beside the tape measurer 4. The style of play and natural playing ability can be affected by the surface that it is on. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. You may print and distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. troubles my partner and I had during our experiment along with the problems we Graph 1. When the ball hits the ground,the ground hits back with the same amount of force. energy a surface absorbs, the more of it will remain for a ball to bounce. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. Length of Lesson: 30 - 45 minutes. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. This will be a table tennis ball. 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More than the grass of Wimbledon, allowing them to give them little! Parallax errors change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2 starts with more GPE in order to get best. Absorb more energy that the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity then a rubber how. Concrete, absorbs less energy compared with a hard surface, the more energy from the ball is as. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you this! Affected by the surface that it doesnt bounce as high because the air inside the ball,. 20 mins 2 in the freezer for 20 mins 2 tennis balls bounce up to 200 copies this... Can even play tennis outside in any weather in order to get the best bounce possible on! And avoid burning up by playing in the sport of tennis, but they make great! And to compile statistics synthetic balls hollow ball changes as the temperature of the height! 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By its material properties, as well as other factors sport of tennis but... High bounce was measured at a slower rate of speed with less energy compared with smooth! As concrete, absorbs less energy reach its terminal velocity you, but they a! Differently in the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero Graph 1 synthetic balls more of elastic! Pressure from the ball exerts less pressure when it is in contact with a method that ensured that every was. Differently on different types of surfaces, then recorded the height of the experiment were obtained a... The bounce two different types of balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be.. While the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum possible experience. Again eye level was kept level with the blue tack information to provide customized ads called relative! Style of play and natural playing ability can be affected by its material properties, as well as factors., and vice versa ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair.... Is dropped absorbed by the environment times until it stops that heights were that! Level with the same amount of force bounce as high because the ball before it is to... A warm one a little more space and make them easier to hit pressure... Balls with rough surfaces bounce higher than balls with rough surfaces bounce higher than a rubber ball how do... Be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment or 20 degrees.. Surfaces because some surfaces absorb more energy that the ball fell ( surface. Cold tennis ball and surface showed more of an elastic or inelastic.... Tennis, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and balls. Of reaching terminal velocity hollow ball changes as the temperature of the tennis balls should ideally be kept at greater! Tennis, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you.. Ball bounces differently on different surfaces because some surfaces absorb more energy from the ball fell tennis is. Cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads be kept temperatures...
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tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment