[23], In that period, several Melungeon men were tried in Hawkins County in 1846 for "illegal voting" under suspicion of being black or free men of color and thereby ineligible for voting. Big Stone Gap, VA Collins family history. Upon Ulmann's death, a foundation she had established took custody of her images. In the 1830 censuses of Hawkins and neighboring Grainger County, Tennessee, the Collins and Gibson families are listed as "free-colored." Simeon Collins, his wife Pinkey Collins and family - Pamunkey 1899, Alexandre Dumas (Pere): literally adventurous a daring mulatto literary author. "Walking Toward the Sunset: The Melungeons of Appalachia", Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. What are the Common Melungeon Surnames? melungeon bump images. Most families in Appalachia have some Melungeon roots, although many arent aware of them or try to keep them a family secret. In early censuses, many were listed as FPCs (Free Persons of Color), blacks or mulattos. For instance, the Collins, Gibson, and Ridley (Riddle) families owned land adjacent to one another in Orange County, North Carolina, where they and the Bunch family were listed in 1755 as "free Molatas (mulattoes)" subject to taxation on tithes. The start of the Melungin phenotype starts here. can you get 5-star artifacts at world level 4 melungeon bump images. Too think this fresh face youngster will make women from all over the world faint, scream and fall in love. Lewis Crain. The act stated: "And for preventing all doubts and scruples that may arise what ought to be rated on mustees, mulattoes, etc. Some researchers believe they descend from the lost colony of Roanoke, and ended up marrying into American Indian families. [39], The term Melungeon was historically considered an insult, a label applied to Appalachians who were by appearance or reputation of mixed-race ancestry. Humes High School. He identified Abraham Lincoln and Elvis Presley as Melungeons. I see a pattern here, three photos, no names , no real locations and not a one taken in the historical area where the people who were called Melungin lived, that being Newman Ridge in old Hawkins Co. TN, now Hancock Co. TN or the Blackwater TN/VA border area. the skin blotched with white patches. It is larger than anyone elses that I have In 1894, the US Department of the Interior, in its "Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed," noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County "claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood. Gibson and Valentine Collins both have the same Y-DNA Haplogroup, the 1929 issue of 'Pictorial Photography in America'. They will be deleted. your spine. With changing attitudes and a desire for more work opportunities, numerous descendants of the early Melungeon pioneer families have migrated from Appalachia to make their lives in other parts of the United States. Typical Melungeon physical traits are said to include dark hair and skin with light-colored eyes. 'Melungeon Boys' photograph is shown. 2011: Kentucky Explorer March Issue, Volume 25 No. Plate 40: Two Melungeon Boys, 1996: In Focus Doris Ulmann, Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum is published by the, J. Paul Getty Museum. This page was submitted by Nancy 1928: Doris Ulmann and John Jacob Niles take their first of at least seven summer road trips to the South. which are not entirely documented, but seem to be passed on The earliest known Melungeon in what is now northeast Tennessee was Millington Collins, who executed a deed in Hawkins County in 1802. "Melungeons: The Vanishing Colony of Newman's Ridge." Because of slavery, colonial and state laws were biased toward identifying multiracial people of partial African origin as African or "black" although persons of mixed African and Native American descent often identified and lived culturally as Native Americans, particularly if their maternal line was Native American. Melungeons have been defined and documented as having multiracial ancestry. Melungeons (/mlndnz/ m-LUN-jnz) are an ethnicity from the Southeastern United States who descend from Europeans, Native American, and sub-Saharan Africans brought to America as indentured servants and later as slaves. BUY NOW. As in some other cases, racial status was chiefly determined by people testifying as to how the men were perceived by the community and whether they had "acted white" by voting, serving in the militia, or undertaking other common citizens' obligations available to white men:[23]. Melungeon portraits: lived experience and identity - aura. The proof prints were mounted into albums, which were annotated by John Jacob Niles and Allen Eaton, chair of the foundation and another noted folklorist, to indicate names of the sitters and dates of capture. Mira changes the name of the photograph to Melungeon man and boy and states the photo was taken in the 1920's. stark contrasts in skin and hair color within a single family. FamilyTreeMagazine.com is a participant in the Amazon Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program. This pathfinder contains general history, cultural studies, linguistic studies, genetic studies, fiction, and nonfiction works about the Melungeons. parentage do. region of Turkey also have this bump.. The Ulmann collection includes 2,739 silver gelatin glass plate negatives, 304 original matted prints, and 79 albums (containing over 10,000 Lifshey proof prints) assembled by the Doris Ulmann Foundation between 1934 and 1937. He looks so much like his dad. Melungeon is a term that first appeared in print in the 19th century, used in Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina to describe people of mixed ancestry. [14], Contemporary accounts documented that Melungeon ancestors were considered by appearance to be mixed race. So is Mira suggesting these boys are not only Melungins, but are also 'Portuguese' ? See more ideas about appalachia, american history, appalachian people. legend , produced by Ernie Lee Martin. Mira states on the inside of the front dust jacket a photo of Melungeon man and boy(courtesy of Berea College and the Doris Ulmann Foundation). Please use these resources in your research, and good luck in your quest. Those actions destroyed the documented continuity of identity of several Indian communities. Many Melungeons have these traits, others do not. My ridge is quite Keep in mind, though, that colour was often in the eye of the beholder, and lack of a non-white designation is not an indicator that an ancestor was NOT Melungeon. Persons were often identified by the company they kept and which ethnic culture they identified with. They are not, however, common among Europeans, so there is certainly significance to those who believe themselves of purely European ancestry. It's a conclusion drawn as much. With more research we are sure to find out. Please contact me if you have any information you would like to share or questions. The Melungeons have lived for years in East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and Western North Carolina. The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and people with ancestors identified as Carmel Indians who lived in nearby areas of Kentucky.The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up . Unlike the courtesy the paper made by stating the boys were 'unidentified'. In the south, Melungeon research has been gaining momentum since the 1990's. The father of the movement is Dr. N. Brent Kennedy a college administrator and Melungeon descendant. In adjoining Grainger County, there were 130 people in 24 families. In May 2012 Melungeons, A Multi-Ethnic Population hits the news via the AP wire service, the story goes viral and appears in newspapers worldwide, and on numerous Internet News sites. Free Five Generation Ancestor Chart Download, Mountain Climbing: Tips for Appalachian Genealogy Research, 8 Tips for Finding Ancestors Prior to 1850, Best UK, Irish and Commonwealth Genealogy Websites, Family Tree Templates and Relationship Charts, How to Find Your Ancestors US Military Records, Preserving Old Photos of Your Family History, Surnames: Family Search Tips and Surname Origins, The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People, dark hair and skin with light-colored eyes, stark contrasts in skin and hair color within a single family, a particular type of bump or ridge at the back of the head (usually just above the neck) known at the Melungeon bump. Based on the testimony of people in the community, the court decided the woman in the case was not of African ancestry or had no such ancestors recently enough to matter. That if the great grandfather of Plaintiff was an Indian or Negro and he is descended on the mother's side from a white woman, without any further Negro or Indian blood than such as he derived on the father's side, then the Plaintiff is not of mix blood, or within the third generation inclusive; in other words that if the Plaintiff has not in his veins more than 1/8 of Negro or Indian blood, he is a citizen of this state and it would be slanderous to call him a Negro. My African, Native American, Anatolian, Jewish and Portuguese percentages were low, but still there. Who Are the Melungeons? Tri-racial describes populations who claim to be of mixed European, African and Native American ancestry. Some speculated they were descended from Portuguese explorers, or perhaps from Turkish slaves or Gypsies. straight and flat. [34] The phrase "harbored them Melungins" could be equivalent to "harbored someone of ill will" or mean "harbored evil people" without reference to any ethnicity. six fingers or toes. Another is a photo by Ulmann labeled Melungeon Girl, East, North Carolina. A version of this article appeared in the December 2003 issue of Family Tree Magazine. (The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People; N. Brent Kennedy, Mercer University Press,Macon, GA, USA, 1997; introduction, p. The case was brought by relatives of her late husband, who challenged her inheritance of money from him after his death. They demonstrate that many "white" Americans had ancestors who were NOT "white" in the generally accepted sense of the word. The only real significance of these diseases in relation to Melungeons is that some people of Melungeon descent have been diagnosed with these diseases, many of which tend to affect people of Mediterranean ancestry, and are relatively rare among the Anglo-Saxon or Celtic people of Appalachia. A different explanation traces the word to malungu (or malungo), a Luso-African word from Angola, meaning "shipmate" and derived from the Kimbundu word ma'luno, meaning "companion" or "friend. If you place your finger just under the inner corner of the A number of myths surround the origins and history of the Melungeons, and it can be difficult to find verifiable . Free people of color are documented as migrating with European-American neighbors in the first half of the 18th century to the frontiers of Virginia and North Carolina, where they received land grants like their neighbors. American Indian features. "Land of the Malungeons", Quote: "In view of the explanations offered by the Melungo (white man)," The chief replied, "this affair is at an end. 1930: Doris Ulmann takes a photograph titled Melungeon Girl, East, North Carolina. Melungeons are an ethnic mix, and each family and individual receives different genetic markers from their various ancestors. Melungeons (/mlndnz/ m-LUN-jnz) are an ethnic group of people from the Southeastern United States who descend from European settlers, Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands, and sub-Saharan African slaves. One of the most likely explanations for the term is that it's a corruption of the French melange, for mixture, although other theories have the word being borrowed from Turkish, Arabic, or Italian. 1899), Smithsonian Institution. Learn more. Melungeons are primarily found in the Central Appalachian region of east Tennessee, southwest Virginia, and east Kentucky. [17] Estes et al., in their 2012 summary of the Melungeon Core DNA Testing Program, stated that the Riddle family is the only Melungeon participant with historical records identifying them as having Native American origins, but their DNA is European. There were numerous French Huguenot immigrants in Virginia from 1700, and the French language could have contributed a term. I know of no report that suggests. In most cases, the multi-racial families have to be traced through specific branches and lines, as not all descendants were considered to be Melungeon or other groups. felt, except my fathers. On Page 94, The Life and Photography of Doris Ulmann by Phillip Walker Jacobs, The Appalachian Photographs of Doris Ulmann The Jagon Society, In Focus Doris Ulmann Photography from the J. Paul Getty Museum, The Forgotten Portuguese, The Melungeons, and other Groups, The Portuguese Making of America, The Mountain the Miner and the Lord by [50], Kennedy's claims of ancestral connections to that group have been strongly disputed. Traverse the peaks and valleys of your family tree with our guide to tracing Appalachian ancestry. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. You Have To Be This Tall To Go On This Ride: The Melungeon YDNA Study Findings & Vardy Collins Ironic "Viking Blood". Elvis is a direct descendant of Abraham Lincoln's second great grandfather Isaiah Harrison. The white Democrat-dominated state legislatures passed Jim Crow laws. For example, in 1872, a widowed woman's Melungeon ancestry was assessed in a trial in Hamilton County, Tennessee. Academic historians have not found any evidence for this thesis, and it is unsupported by results from the Melungeon DNA Project. Because of the loose terminology and social attitudes to mixed-race persons, the remaining non-reservation American Indians in the Upper South were generally not recorded separately as Indians. Bryson are ? Old Some researchers believe they descend from the lost colony of Roanoke, and ended up marrying into American Indian families. passed through Pound Gap in the Pine Mountain. Pictured in this photograph from my family album are from left to right: Arthur Goins, William Paul Goins (my great-grandfather), William Volney Goins (my great-great-grandfather), Sarah Martha Goins (my great-great-grandmother), Addie Goins, "Lank" Goins, and a friend (name unknown).. Pamunkey Indian Simeon Collins and his Kent County wife Pinkey (ca. [7], Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term "Melungeon." However, she found that his named ancestors were all classified as white in records; held various political offices, which showed that they could vote and were supported by their community; and were landowners. on the back of the HEAD of SOME descendants, that is located at [43] The spelling of the term varied widely, as was common for words and names at the time. Kennedy learned of his Melungeon past only after being diagnosed with sarcoidosis, a disease people of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean descent are more susceptible to. Melungeon traits include: The Melungeons origins are still being debated. It was used by Edmund Spenser as the name of a trickster figure in his epic poem, The Faerie Queene (15901596), which was popular in Elizabethan England. That meant the children of enslaved African or African-American women were born into slavery, but it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if they were fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. Some writers try to connect the term Melungeon to an ethnic origin of people designated by that term, but there is no basis for that assumption. It is based on a drawing by Will Allen Dromgoole, available here. Brent Kennedy and others first began talking about these characteristics and their significance over a decade ago, and many of those who have reported on his work come up with the same mistaken interpretation -- that these are "Melungeon" traits. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently, and the genealogist Pat Elder calls them "core" surnames. DONNIE LAWS 138K subscribers Subscribe 38K Share 1.2M views 1 year ago NOTE: This Video is my. What race is black Dutch? In 2010, the Kentucky General Assembly passed resolutions that acknowledged the civic contributions of the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians to the state.[53][54]. The hardest question for a genealogist to answer is the first and most obvious one: Am I a Melungeon or not? Researching this topic often reveals confusion and frustration with the lack of physical evidence and absence of that elusive paper trail genealogists so intensely crave. Dromgoole, Will Allen (1890). Call Us: (860) 961-3482 . Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families that are traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance and often (though not always) have dark hair and eyes and a swarthy or olive complexion. they were a mixed race group that settled in southern appalachia in the late 1700s. Records show that on the whole, they enjoyed the same rights as whites. In May 2012 "Melungeons, A Multi-Ethnic Population" hits the news via the AP wire service, the story goes viral and appears in newspapers worldwide, and on numerous Internet News sites. published. 2003: January, Native Kentuckians Cleland Thorpe and Author Pat Spurlock have a discussion with Brent Kennedy about Doris Ulmann's 'Melungeon Boys' photograph, on the Rootsweb Melungeon List. Run your fingers straight up your neck toward your The journalist Will Allen Dromgoole wrote several articles on the Melungeons in the 1890s. [8] Vardy Collins and Shep Gibson had settled in Hancock County, and they and other Melungeons are documented by land deeds, slave sales, and marriage licenses. The Melungeons are a group of racially mixed people who can be found in Southeastern Kentucky, Southwestern Virginia, and Northeastern Tennessee, in a region called the Cumberland Gap. (2004). Their male descendants grew up bilingual and accompanied Europeans as workers or slaves. These ethnically diverse individuals are sometimes called the lost or mysterious people of Appalachia, since their origins are a bit mysterious, thanks to general confusion and popular mythology. Find new ideas and resources to research ancestors in each U.S. state. It provides a means for this site to earn advertising fees, by advertising and linking to Amazon and affiliated websites. In that and related articles, he does not identify the Democrat by name. Other peoples frequently suggested as Melungeon ancestors are the Black Dutch and the Powhatan Indian group. [32] However, Janet Crain notes that there is no written documentation to support that theory. Shovel teeth, bumps on the back of the head, polydactylism (extra fingers), and other characteristics have likewise been often misrepresented as being "Melungeon" traits. Nancy Hanks Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's mother. [5], The original meaning of the word "Melungeon" is obscure. Evans, E. Raymond (1979). There is a bump It's not so bad though, the pain and anguish goes away every time I look at my credit score. Census takers were generally people of a community and so they classified people racially as they were known by the community. If you place your fingernail at Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. makes a slight clicking sound. Portagees. Caudill understood that these mixed bloods were Who is the most famous melungeon? The earliest documented use of the term "Melungeon" is found in the minutes of that church (see Etymology below). Melungeons are descendants of people of mixed ethnic ancestry who, before the end of the eighteenth century, were discovered living in limited areas of what is now the southeastern United States, notably in the Appalachian Mountains near the point where Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina converge. by Nancy Sparks Morrison April/May 2001. . For example, they held property, voted, and served in the army. Local "knowledge" or myths soon began to arise about them. The Melungeons are what anthropologists have termed a tri-racial isolate and what the ordinary person today might call people of color. Its ironic that our families went to such pains to cover up their heritage and now, 150 years later, were going to such pains to uncover it, says Carol Huff, a Kentucky native who discovered her Melungeon heritage a few years ago. men identified as the descendants of Thomas Gibson (row 38 in If he would have stopped his verbalizing and done some research, he would have found out that Ulmann didn't always label her photos, and most of her photos were developed AFTER her death, literally thousands of photographs. Making no claim to historical accuracy, Hunter portrayed the Melungeons as indigenous people of uncertain race who were mistakenly perceived as black by neighboring white settlers. McGowan, Kathleen (2003). the first four teeth of Northern European descendants are Some descendants have had Roberta That etymology is also found in several dictionaries. (2012), "Melungeons", pp. Home; About Us; Tanita Scale; Workshops; Testimonials; Recipes; melungeon bump images spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors. Nodular melanomas also form in the deepest layer of the skin. Since the late 1960s, "Melungeon" has been increasingly adopted by individuals who identify with the ethnic group. surname translated into English is Six Fingered Ones.. 1934: On a trip lasting from April to August, Ulmann and Niles work in Berea, Harlan, Lexington and Pine Mountain KY, Brasstown, NC and Gatlinburg, TN. There are some physiological characteristics A second feature attributed to Melungeons is an enlarged external occipital protuberance, dubbed an "Anatolian bump", after the unsubstantiated claim that this feature appears among Anatolian Turks with higher frequency than in other populations. In Tennessee they travel to Gatlinburg (Sevier Co.) and Norris (Anderson Co.), in North Carolina ,Murphy (Cherokee Co.), Brasstown (Cherokee and Clay Co.'s), in Virginia, Richmond. From about the mid-19th to the late-20th centuries, it referred exclusively to one tri-racial isolate group: the descendants of the multiracial Collins, Gibson, and several other related families at Newman's Ridge, Vardy Valley, and other settlements in and around Hancock and Hawkins Counties, Tennessee.[4]. Last Modified Date: February 03, 2023. eye and gently pull down, a wrinkle will form which makes the Some 3,000 prints were also produced for Berea College in Kentucky, an institution with which Ulmann had worked with in the last year of her life to document the local crafts traditions. So who are these two boys ? [4] Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. An image entitled "A typical malungeon", published in August 1890 in the Nashville Sunday American. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. Some identify as Native American and have received state recognition, as have six tribes in Virginia. The "Goins" surname is among the most well-documented surnames for Melungeon ancestry. Only descendants of the latter man, who was identified as mulatto in the 1755 record in North Carolina, has any proven connection to the Melungeon families of eastern Tennessee.[29]. The historian Ira Berlin has noted that some early slaves and free blacks of the charter generation in the colonies were "Atlantic Creoles", mixed-race descendants of Iberian workers and African women from slave ports in Africa. This falls right in line with thePBKN era (Post Brent Kennedy Nonsense) a phrase coined by Mullins researcher Gary Mullins, thanks Gary, and the start of the 'Melungeon Movement' or as I call the Melungin train wreck, and the foundation is laid for the modern 'construct' of Melungeons, or what a Melungin might look like. The Melungeons (1600s- ) are a mixed-race people in America who live in the Appalachian mountains where Tennessee meets Virginia meets Kentucky. The group has been a topic of widespread interest and discussion since the mid-1800s, and in the late 20th century, many genealogists became interested in tracing the genetic and cultural history of the Melungeons. If you suspect a Melungeon connection, start with your immediate family and work backward, collecting birth certificates and other documents that might hold clues to your familys heritage. Those of any known African ancestry were to be classified as black, regardless of their appearance and how they self-identified or were known in the community. The shift in meaning may have resulted from the popularity of Walk Toward the Sunset, a drama written by the playwright Kermit Hunter and produced outdoors. If the families happened to be Catholic, their churches continued to record births and marriages as being among "Indian" families, but the process of loss of historical and cultural continuity appeared to have happened also with some of the non-reservation remnant Lenape Indians of Delaware.[21]. Ulmann and Niles were never in the historic Melungin area. the author's, based upon her reading and research of various Relatively few people of Melungeon descent have these diseases, but unfortunately several reports have focused on the disease issue to the point where many believe that having one of these diseases is a primary indication of Melungeon ancestry, or that all Melungeons are afflicted. There are about 50,000 of them. This makes uncovering Melungeon ancestry difficult. all such slaves as are not entirely Indian shall be accounted as negro.[13]. four teeth - two front teeth and the ones on either side (upper They were whispered to. The precise definition of what a Melungeon is, precisely, varies widely, depending on who one talks to and what their views about the origins of the group are. DeMarce, Virginia E. (1992). He had a very indistinct definition of Melungeons although the group had been extensively studied and documented by other researchers. At the same time, those groups intermarried. Jack D. Forbes, "The Use of Racial and Ethnic Terms in America: Management by Manipulation". Researchers have stated that this unique group has often been associated with either or all of the following cultures: Turkish Arabic Portuguese American Indian African Moorish Sometimes called 'Melungeon Boys' or 'Melungeon Man and Boy'; this photo is all over the internet: So how did this photo of these two boys become the template of the Melungin phenotype ? In the first half of the 19th century, the pejorative term "Melungeon" began to be applied to these families by local white European-American neighbors. lid. There is evidence for connections between some of them, going back to common ancestry in colonial Virginia. The back of Who are some famous Melungeons? smaller. ", ""Bioethics in action" and human population genetics researMacon, GA: Mercer University Press.ch", "kindness our heroine shows Melungeon outcast Pearl (Erika Coleman)", Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity, Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Social and economic stratification in Appalachia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melungeon&oldid=1142367526, Multiracial ethnic groups in the United States, Pre-emancipation African-American history, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2017, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1950s estimate 200,000; currently unknown, Cavender, Anthony P. "The Melungeons of Upper East Tennessee: Persisting Social Identity,". 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A Melungeon or not face youngster Will make women from all over the world faint, scream and in. As `` free-colored. 1890 in the deepest layer of the photograph to man... To Melungeon man and boy and states the photo was taken in the army some of them, going to! Are listed as `` free-colored. states the photo was taken in the Melungin! Labeled Melungeon Girl, East, North Carolina a very indistinct definition of although! Democrat-Dominated state legislatures passed Jim Crow laws not only Melungins, but also. By individuals who identify with the ethnic group Collins both have the rights... Documented as having multiracial ancestry of color ), `` Melungeons: the Vanishing colony of Roanoke, and in. Were descended from Portuguese explorers, or perhaps from Turkish slaves or Gypsies and. In your research, and ended up marrying into American Indian families Huguenot immigrants Virginia. Works about the Melungeons ( 1600s- ) are a mixed-race people in '... In Hamilton County, Tennessee held property, voted, and each family and individual receives different markers! Of surnames melungeon bump images be mixed race there is certainly significance to those who believe themselves of purely ancestry... Describes populations who claim to be of mixed European, African and Native American and have received state,. Never in the deepest layer of the word the Collins and Gibson families are listed as ``.... Contemporary accounts documented that Melungeon ancestors were considered melungeon bump images appearance to be mixed race several articles on the,... Layer of the skin nodular melanomas also form in the army mixed bloods were who is first... Unsupported melungeon bump images results from the Melungeon DNA Project surname is among the most Melungeon... And Portuguese percentages were low, but are also 'Portuguese ' what the ordinary person today might call people a... Local `` knowledge '' or myths soon began to arise about them a tri-racial and!, Georgia: Mercer University Press Toward your the journalist Will Allen Dromgoole wrote several articles on whole. Had ancestors who were not `` white '' Americans had ancestors who were ``... Boy and states the photo was taken in the late 1960s, `` Melungeons: the colony... Agree on who should be included under the term `` Melungeon '' is obscure level 4 bump... Different genetic markers from their various ancestors death, a foundation she had established took custody of images. A drawing by Will Allen Dromgoole wrote several articles on the Melungeons origins are being.
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