Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Longfellow himself recognized that most of his poems belonged to the imitative rather than the imaginative school of art that his spokesman Paul Flemming distinguished in Hyperion. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on this day in 1807, in Portland, Maine. [dropcap letter="O"]n a fine September morning in 1822 the fast stagecoach from Portland to Brunswick was . Each new book extended his fame, and he was bombarded with invitations for literary contributions and for autographs. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Longfellow had her body embalmed immediately and placed in a lead coffin inside an oak coffin, which was shipped to Mount Auburn Cemetery near Boston. Just like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow did I believe that EVERY interaction with customers, employees, stakeholders or stockholders, matters. The visitor then asked if he had died here. Longfellow was more at home in Evangeline (1847), a narrative poem that reached almost every literate home in the United States. The marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners and brought Longfellow the domestic stability he had missed. and cease repining; Behind the cloud is the sun still shining; Thy fate is a common fate of all, Into each life some rain must fall." Longfellow is rightrain comes at different times to all of us. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Updates? [32], He published the travel book Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea in serial form before a book edition was released in 1835. [38] There, he further studied German as well as Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic. According to Howells, Longfellows power derived from his courage in frankly trusting the personal as the universal along with his unaffectedness, the simplicity of his feelings, and the sincerity of his expression. The next year Aftermath was published, with its moving title poem and the final collection of Tales of a Wayside Inn. The Masque of Pandora and Other Poems (1875) included Morituri Salutamus (We who Are about to Die Salute You, 1874), one of his few occasional poems. Poet. Longfellow published two collections of verse by other poets, The Waif (1845) and The Estray (1846), each preceded by an original poem relating to the poet and his audience. Page I T A L E S OF A WAYSIDE INN BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. The lovers, Evangeline and Gabriel, are reunited years later as Gabriel is dying. Longfellows achievements in fictional and nonfictional prose, in a striking variety of poetic forms and modes, and in translation from many European languages resulted in a remarkably productive and influential literary career. Snow-Flakes. [46] It is preserved today as the Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site. Of the lyrics Longfellow composed during that period, My Lost Youth is a memorable example of the poets reflection on his personal past. He dug through the past for stories that could could speak to his time, or that could act as cultural containers of collective memory. [108], In 1874, Longfellow oversaw a 31-volume anthology called Poems of Places which collected poems representing several geographical locations, including European, Asian, and Arabian countries. [51] Longfellow was well liked as a professor, but he disliked being "constantly a playmate for boys" rather than "stretching out and grappling with men's minds."[52]. . [84], During the 1860s, Longfellow supported abolitionism and especially hoped for reconciliation between the northern and southern states after the American Civil War. What type of household did Longfellow grow up in? From a New Historicist standpoint Longfellow is classified with others in Fieldss Houghton-Mifflin stable as one of those authors used to impose a presumed high culture of English Puritan origins on subsequent generations and immigrant populations, even though Longfellow might also be recognized as one whose broadly inclusive responsiveness to European traditions could have smoothed assimilation for the children of newcomers from central and southern Europe. Longfellow gave poetry higher standing within American society than it had enjoyed ever before, not only by exemplifying the appeal of graceful, informed writing to an exceptionally wide reading audience but also by making art itself one of his themes. He has been presented as a gentle, placid, poetic soul, an image perpetuated by his brother Samuel Longfellow who wrote an early biography which specifically emphasized these points. (Even The Birds of Killingworth was adapted from an English story.) Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807, to Stephen Longfellow and Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow in Portland, Maine,[1] then a district of Massachusetts. But his words also remind us that behind the clouds, the sun is always still shining. Longfellows long poem The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858) was another great popular success. Date February 1, 2007. [79] The "Dante Club", as it was called, regularly included William Dean Howells, James Russell Lowell, and Charles Eliot Norton, as well as other occasional guests. Now that fiction and cinema have all but replaced poetry as storytelling media, the narrative poems that accounted in large measure for Longfellows appeal to his contemporary readers are represented in anthologies by only a few short examples, such as The Wreck of the Hesperus and Paul Reveres Ridepoems that make Longfellow seem more narrowly New England in his perspective than would The Saga of King Olaf or Hiawatha among his longer poems or The Skeleton in Armor or The Leap of Roushan Beg (1878) among the shorter ones. In 1884 he was honoured by the placing of a memorial bust in Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey in London, the first American to be so recognized. Some years after Longfellows death a violent reaction set in against his verse as critics dismissed his conventional high-minded sentiments and the gentle strain of Romanticism that he had made so popular. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Among his most significant works are "A Psalm of Life" (1839), "The Village Blacksmith" (1842), "Paul Revere's Ride" (1861), and the book-length poems Evangeline (1847) and Song of Hiawatha (1855). He spoke at least eight languages well and could . It represented the medieval phase of Christianity and the virtue of faith (mixed, inevitably, with superstition) by dramatizing the story of a peasant girls willingness to die so that a prince might be healed of his illness. After a period in a boardinghouse near Bowdoin, they set up housekeeping in Brunswick even as the young husband explored every possible avenue of escape from that all-too-familiar environment. [9] His grandfather was a founder of the college[12] and his father was a trustee. He moved ahead to new dramatic poems, notably Judas Maccabeus in Three Books of Song (1872) and The Masque of Pandora (1875); Michael Angelo, his last major poem, appeared posthumously in 1883 in its unfinished condition. "There are things of which I may not speak; There are dreams that cannot die; In that university town he met William Cullen Bryant, who had been a major influence on his early poetry and an inspiring model of American authorship. In a word, we want a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. Page II Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, by HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. He followed this work with two fragmentary dramatic poems, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo. But his genius was not dramatic, as he had demonstrated earlier in The Spanish Student (1843). It is not pride, but the madness of passion". To prepare himself for the new opportunity, Longfellow undertook another period of European travelthis time accompanied by his wife and two of her friends. Before he settled down in the university town of Gttingen, to which Ticknor had directed him, Longfellows approach to language acquisition was less systematic than impressionistic and even desultory. He spent much of his summers as a child at his grandfather Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine. Ultima Thule (1880), the title of which signaled his expectation that it would be his last collection, featured such lyrics as The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls (1879) and LEnvoi. Why did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow write a Psalm of Life? [2] He grew up in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House. Life and Fame. 1864. Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! [77] He worried that he would go insane, begging "not to be sent to an asylum" and noting that he was "inwardly bleeding to death". Long after his death in 1882, however, these neglected later works were seen to contain some of his most effective writing. More important, Longfellow turned back to poetry after that second European journey and found encouragement in the warm reception of a group of poems he classified loosely as psalms. Although he never received any money from Knickerbockers, where several of these poems first appeared, Longfellow discovered an appreciative public response to the sad wisdom he had distilled from the disappointments of life; sadness empowered him to speak comforting, encouraging words to the many readers who responded gratefully to A Psalm of Life, The Reaper and the Flowers, The Light of Stars, Footsteps of Angels, and Midnight Mass for the Dying Year. He collected these and other early poems in Voices of the Night, like Hyperion published in 1839, and followed up on that success with Ballads and Other Poems (1842), which featured short narrative poems such as The Skeleton in Armor and The Wreck of the Hesperus, a character sketch that he thought of as another psalm titled The Village Blacksmith, and a poem of Romantic inspiration, Excelsior. He was exploring American subject matter in many of these poemseven in The Skeleton in Armor, which drew an unexpected link between medieval Scandinavian war songs and New England antiquities. Longfellow sought diplomatic posts, considered opening a girls school in New York or taking over the Round Hill School in Northampton, and applied for professorships in Virginia and New York before release came in the form of an invitation to succeed Ticknor as Smith Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard. I also believe I am substantially better at speaking than writing I am Excellent in relationship development and maintenance Streamlining the sales marketing process for companies and . [148], "Henry Wadsworth" redirects here. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). At least as wearing as his original authorship in late years was a massive editorial and translation project he undertook for his publisher, James T. Fields; Poems of Places emerged in 31 volumes between 1876 and 1879. Her husband, who sustained severe burns to his hands, arms, and face in smothering the fire, was left with severe facial sensitivities that precluded shaving thereafter and forced him to grow the patriarchal white beard so familiar from later portraits; he was also left with heavy responsibilities for his family and with intense grief. Born on February 27 46. Its appeal to the public was immediate. Longfellow, sporting long hair, yellow gloves, and flowered waistcoats, cut quite a romantic . In essence, they needed to sell the tea to somebody, fast. In Germany, Longfellow formed a close friendship with the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, and in England he deepened an earlier acquaintance with Charles Dickens. [55] During the courtship, Longfellow frequently walked from Cambridge to the Appleton home in Beacon Hill in Boston by crossing the Boston Bridge. The germ of the story reached Longfellow through the Reverend Horace L. Conolly, who had failed to interest his friend Hawthorne in developing the legend of Acadian lovers separated on their intended wedding day by an English edict displacing French Canadian settlers in order to establish Nova Scotia. [104], Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet,[130] as many of his readers were children. was born at Portland, Maine, Feb. 27, 1807, and graduated at Bowdoin College, 1825. a Lady, on Being Asked my Reason for Quitting England in the Sprin 11. Hiawatha introduces his tribe to agriculture through his encounter with the corn god Mondamin, to transportation by inventing the birch canoe, and to picture-writing. Longfellow attended private schools and the Portland Academy. He did not cross the threshold, did not offer me his hand,only took off his cap, saying, with a traitorous falter in his voice, "God bless yer, Missis! Farnham, Russell Clare and Dorthy Evelyn Crawford. Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow Descends the snow. [123] He wrote that Longfellow was "a determined imitator and a dextrous adapter of the ideas of other people",[122] specifically Alfred, Lord Tennyson. UNIVE'RSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, AND COMPANY, CAMBRIDGE. I'm gwine." The trip began happily with a London visit and Longfellows introduction to Thomas Carlyle, whose excitement over Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller heightened Longfellows interest in German Romanticism. Longfellow had become one of the first American celebrities and was popular in Europe. As the title suggests, the collection included many poems influenced by his 1842 travels in northern Europe; among them were the title poem, Nuremberg, The Norman Baron, Walter Von Der Vogelweid, and several translations. 'Well! . Driven by the need for spiritual relief, he translated The Divine Comedy by Dante, producing one of the most notable translations to that time, and wrote six sonnets on Dante that are among his finest poems. [35] The couple settled in Brunswick, but the two were not happy there. [141] As James Russell Lowell said, Longfellow had an "absolute sweetness, simplicity, and modesty". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 - March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. Aspiring to scholarly recognition beyond Brunswick, Longfellow also regularly wrote essays on French, Spanish, and Italian languages and literatures for the North American Review between 1831 and 1833. The Poet and His Song (1880). There he settled down to his professorial duties at Harvard, freed from some of the Bowdoin drudgery but still feeling oppressed by responsibilities to supervise native-language instructors and provide some basic instruction himself in each of the languages in the curriculum of the university while preparing lectures on European literatures. He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed . Birth Year: 1807. It comes not back again. The poem exalts and exocitizes Native Americans and assumes the obliteration of indigenous ways of life. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. [21], Whatever the catalyst, Longfellow began his tour of Europe in May 1826 aboard the ship Cadmus. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow/Prini. [125] Longfellow did not respond publicly but, after Poe's death, he wrote: "The harshness of his criticisms I have never attributed to anything but the irritation of a sensitive nature chafed by some indefinite sense of wrong". In Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and Germany he was welcomed and honored. The family occupied the first brick house in Portland, built by the general and still maintained as a literary shrine to its most famous occupant. In 1831, he married Mary Potter, and they went on an extended tour of Europe. Although Churchills failure results most of all from his own limitationshis inattentiveness to sources of inspiration nearest at hand and his lack of driving literary commitmentit also reflects the indifference of Americans to artistic aspirations not in tune with the chauvinistic bombast of the comical magazine editor of the book, who calls for a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. At the end of the poem, Hiawatha journeys westward alone after enjoining his people to welcome European missionaries with their new culture and Christian faith. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825. Damaetas 4. I do not believe that I was born for such a lot. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825 . Restless and sorrowful, Longfellow then set out alone to travel through the Tyrol and Switzerland. Learn about the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and his biography, poems, and critical reception. Longfellow presided over Harvards modern-language program for 18 years and then left teaching in 1854. All were the children of his second wife, Fanny. It was reported that 10,000 copies of The Courtship of Miles Standish sold in London in a single day. "Not yet", he replied. His mother, Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow, was the daughter of General Peleg Wadsworth, who had served in the American Revolution. Though its account of Reveres ride is historically inaccurate, the poem created an American legend. [41] He was deeply saddened by her death and wrote: "One thought occupies me night and dayShe is dead She is dead! Back at Bowdoin in his new role, Longfellow felt stultified in a college atmosphere so different from what he had experienced at Gttingen and stifled by the provincial atmosphere of Brunswick. [4] He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy lieutenant who had died three years earlier at the Battle of Tripoli. English Poetry III: From Tennyson to Whitman. At present, however, Longfellow has been relegated to the status of an historically interesting minor poet whose poems occupy only a few pages in recent anthologies and do so in ways that obscure the reasons for his original popularity. [100] He often used allegory in his work. M. Brook Taylor, "The Poetry and Prose of History: W. S. Tryon, "Nationalism and International Copyright: Tennyson and Longfellow in America,", Edward L. Tucker, "References in Longfellow's, S. Ullmann, "Composite Metaphors in Longfellow's Poetry,", Hyatt H. Waggoner, "Five New England Poets: The Shape of Things to Come," in his, Thomas Wortham, "William Cullen Bryant and the Fireside Poets," in. Classic and contemporary poems for the holiday season. literary; his mother often read to him and his father supplied him with many books How many languages did Longfellow speak? Several years later, he wrote the poem "Mezzo Cammin," which expressed his personal struggles in his middle years.[43]. Although Paul Reveres Ride and The Birds of Killingworth, the most familiar of these poems today, give an impression of New England focus, the great majority had European settings and sources. one of the few truly successful English translations comes from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a professor of Italian at Harvard and an acclaimed poet. He has been criticized for imitating European styles and writing poetry that was too sentimental. For the actor, see, "Longfellow" redirects here. As a Master NLP and Hypnosis Practitioner, Spiritual Life Coach, and Speech and Drama Teacher, Sally takes a holistic approach to voice - as an energetic channel affected by our physical . The book holdings of the Peucinian Society, its formal debates, and its informal Conversations about contemporary writing and American authors encouraged Henry to direct his ambition toward literature despite his practical fathers preference for a career in law or one of the other established professions. To a Child, one of the most popular poems of the book, expressed paternal tenderness toward his first son, while the sonnet Dante looked toward a later stage of literary productivity. Date November 21, 2019. [25] While overseas, he learned French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, mostly without formal instruction. Elected to the Peucinian Society, he mixed with the academically ambitious students of the college (more serious than his brother or than classmates Nathaniel Hawthorne, Franklin Pierce, and Horatio Bridgeall belonging to the Athenean Society). Wadsworth-Longfellow House, 487 Congress Street, Portland, was built by Longfellow's grandfather, General Pelage Wadsworth, in 1785-86. [97] The death of his second wife Frances, as biographer Charles Calhoun wrote, deeply affected Longfellow personally but "seemed not to touch his poetry, at least directly". Discover his most famous works and their themes and style. Although the title character, the liberal-minded young minister of a rural New England church, is the central figure of a love triangle involving two close female friends, Cecilia Vaughan and Alice Archer, Longfellow probably took more interest in the schoolmaster, whose literary ambitions are continually frustrated by the press of teaching, fatherhood, and demands made on his time by an aspiring poetess. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. In 1842 his Ballads and Other Poems, containing such favourites as The Wreck of the Hesperus and The Village Blacksmith, swept the nation. Too sentimental allegory in his work and COMPANY, CAMBRIDGE marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners brought..., they needed to sell the tea to somebody, fast ( 1858 ) an! An English story. began his tour of Europe the catalyst, Longfellow had an `` absolute,! 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how many languages did henry wadsworth longfellow speak